ویکیپیڈیا

"جارج ولہلم فریڈریک ہیگل" کے نسخوں کے درمیان فرق

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بصریویکی متن
±زمرہ, اضافہ مزید دیکھیے, اضافہ اندرونی ربط/روابط, اضافہ خانہ معلومات
سطر 1:
{{redirect|ہیگل}}
[[تصویر:G.W.F. Hegel (by Sichling, after Sebbers).jpg|thumb|گورگ ویلہم فریدریچ ہیگل]]
{{Infobox philosopher
 
| name = جارج ولہلم فریڈریک ہیگل
 
| image = Hegel portrait by Schlesinger 1831.jpg
'''پیدائش''': {{birth date|1770|27|8|df=yes}} {{سطر}}
| caption = {{longitem|Portrait by [[Jakob Schlesinger]] dated 1831, the<br />year of Hegel's death}}
'''وفات''': {{death date and age|1831|11|14|1770|08|27}}
| birth_date = اگست 27, 1770
| birth_place = [[شٹوٹگارٹ]]، [[Duchy of Württemberg]]
| death_date = {{nowrap|{{death date and age|1831|11|14|1770|08|27}}}}
| death_place = [[برلن]]، [[مملکت پروشیا]]
| education = [[Gymnasium illustre zu Stuttgart]]
| alma_mater = [[Tübinger Stift]]<br />[[University of Tübingen]]
| institutions = [[University of Jena]]<br />(1801–06)<br />[[University of Heidelberg]]<br />(1816–18)<br />[[Humboldt University of Berlin|University of Berlin]]<br />(1818–31)
| residence = جرمنی
| nationality = جرمن
| era = [[انیسوین صدی کا فلسفہ]]
| region = [[مغربی فلسفہ]]
| school_tradition = {{ublist|class=nowrap |[[German idealism]] |[[Objective idealism]] |[[Absolute idealism]] |Founder of [[Hegelianism]] |[[Historicism]]<ref>Brian K. Etter, ''Between Transcendence and Historicism''، SUNY Press, 2006, p. 68.</ref> |''[[Naturphilosophie]]''}}
| main_interests = {{ublist|class=nowrap |[[ما بعد الطبیعیات]] |''[[Naturphilosophie]]'' |[[Philosophy of history]] |[[Political philosophy]] |[[منطق]] |[[جمالیات]]}}
| notable_ideas = {{ublist|class=nowrap |[[Absolute idealism]] |[[جدلیات]] |[[Master–slave dialectic]] |[[Aufheben|"Sublation" (''Aufheben'')]] |[[Geist|''Geist'' ("mind/spirit")]] |''[[Sittlichkeit]]'' |[[Social alienation#17th century|Alienation]]<ref>''[[Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]'' (1998): [https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/alienation/v-1 "Alienation."]</ref> |[[Dialectical phenomenology]] |The three [[wikt:moment#Noun|moments]]<br />of the [[concept]]: [[Universal (metaphysics)|universality]]،<br />[[particular]]ity, and [[Individual#Hegel|individuality]]<ref>John Grier Hibben, Eric v. d. Luft, ''Hegel's [[Shorter Logic]]: An Introduction and Commentary''، Gegensatz Press, 2013, p. 143.</ref><br /><small>(''Allgemeinheit''، ''Besonderheit''،<br />''Einzelheit'')</small><ref>Equivalently: the universal, the particular, and the individual <small>(''Allgemeines''، ''Besonderes''، ''Einzelnes'')</small>۔</ref> |[[Abstract particularity]]<ref>Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: ''[[The Science of Logic]]''، Cambridge University Press, 2010, p. 609. See also: Richard Dien Winfield, ''Hegel's Science of Logic: A Critical Rethinking in Thirty Lectures''، Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2012, p. 265.</ref> |The [[Abstract and concrete|abstract]]–[[Abstract and concrete|concrete]] distinction<ref>David Gray Carlson, ''A Commentary to Hegel's [[Science of Logic]]''، Palgrave Macmillan, 2007, p. 38.</ref> |"The true is the whole"<ref>G. W. F. Hegel, ''[[Phenomenology of Spirit|Phänomenologie des Geistes]]'' (1807)، ''Vorrede'': "Das Wahre ist das Ganze."</ref> |Rationality alone is real<ref>G. W. F. Hegel, ''[[Elements of the Philosophy of Right|Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts]]'' (1821)، ''Vorrede'': "Was vernünftig ist, das ist Wirklich; und was wirklich ist, das ist vernünftig." ["What is rational is real; And what is real is rational."]</ref> |[[Panlogism]] |Distinction between<br />[[Critical philosophy|critical]] ''Verstandesmetaphysik''<ref>G. W. F. Hegel, ''[[Lectures on the History of Philosophy|Vorlesungen über de Geschichte der Philosophie]]''، Part 3, Duncker und Humblot, 1844, pp. 502 and 514.</ref><br />([[ما بعد الطبیعیات]] of [[Understanding (Kant)|Understanding]]) and<br />[[Speculative philosophy|speculative]] ''Vernunftsmetaphysik''<br />(metaphysics of [[Reason]])<ref>[[George Kline]]، ''On Hegel''، Gegensatz Press, 2015; Rugard Otto Gropp, ''Zu Fragen der Geschichte der Philosophie und des dialektischen Materialismus''، Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, 1958, p. 28.</ref>}}
| influences = {{hlist |[[ارسطو]] |[[افلاطون]] |[[Heraclitus]] |[[نو افلاطونیت]] |[[سقراط]] | [[نکولو مکیاویلی]] | [[رینے ڈیکارٹ]] |[[گوئٹے]] |[[سپینوزا]] |[[گوٹفریڈ ویلہم لائبنیز]] |[[ژاں ژاک روسو]] |[[بہمن]] |[[Frans Hemsterhuis|Hemsterhuis]]| |[[ایمانویل کانت]] |[[Johann Gottlieb Fichte|Fichte]] |[[Friedrich Hölderlin|Hölderlin]] |[[Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling|Schelling]] |[[آدم سمتھ]] |[[Friedrich Schiller|Schiller]] |[[Johann Gottfried Herder|Herder]]<ref>Michael N. Forster, ''After Herder: Philosophy of Language in the German Tradition''، Oxford University Press, 2010, p. 9.</ref> |{{Interlanguage link multi|Johann Friedrich LeBret|de|3=Johann Friedrich LeBret|lt=LeBret}}<ref>Franz Wiedmann, ''Hegel: an illustrated biography''، Pegasus, 1968, p. 23.</ref>}}
| influenced = {{hlist <!-- Please keep in alphabetical order -->|[[Theodor W. Adorno|Adorno]] |[[Karl Barth|Barth]] |[[Bruno Bauer|Bauer]] |[[Bernard Bosanquet (philosopher)|Bosanquet]] |[[فرانسس ہربرٹ براڈلے]] |[[Robert Brandom|Brandom]] |[[سیمون دی بووار]] |[[Judith Butler|Butler]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Butler|first=Judith|title=Subjects of desire: Hegelian reflections in twentieth-century France|location=New York|publisher=Columbia University Press|date=1987}}</ref> |[[Friedrich Wilhelm Carové|Carové]] |[[Heinrich Moritz Chalybäus|Chalybäus]] |[[Benedetto Croce|Croce]] |[[Arthur C. Danto|Danto]] |[[ژاک دریدا]] |[[Wilhelm Dilthey|Dilthey]] |[[James Doull|Doull]] |[[فریڈرک اینگلز]] |[[Johann Eduard Erdmann|Erdmann]] |[[Emil Fackenheim|Fackenheim]]|[[Frantz Fanon|Fanon]] |[[Ludwig Feuerbach|Feuerbach]] |[[Kuno Fischer|Fischer]] |[[Francis Fukuyama|Fukuyama]] |[[Martin Heidegger|Heidegger]] |[[Eduard Gans|Gans]] |[[Giovanni Gentile|Gentile]] |[[Hermann Friedrich Wilhelm Hinrichs|Hinrichs]] |[[Heinrich Heine|Heine]] |[[Jean Hyppolite|Hyppolite]] |[[Walter Kaufmann (philosopher)|Kaufmann]] |[[Søren Kierkegaard|Kierkegaard]] |[[Alexandre Kojève|Kojève]] |[[Hans Küng|Küng]] |[[Jacques Lacan|Lacan]] |[[ولادیمیر لینن]] ||[[György Lukács|Lukács]] |[[Herbert Marcuse|Marcuse]] |[[کارل مارکس]] |[[Karl Ludwig Michelet|Michelet]] |[[Heinrich Bernhard Oppenheim|Oppenheim]] |[[Robert B. Pippin|Pippin]] |[[Gillian Rose|Rose]] |[[Johann Karl Friedrich Rosenkranz|Rosenkranz]] |[[John Russon|Russon]] |[[ژاں پال سارتر]] |[[Ljubodrag Simonović|Simonović]] |[[Peter Singer|Singer]] |[[Max Stirner|Stirner]] |[[David Strauss|Strauss]] |[[Charles Taylor (philosopher)|Taylor]] |[[Paul Tillich|Tillich]] |[[Eduard Zeller|Zeller]]|[[Slavoj Žižek|Žižek]]}}
| signature = Hegel Unterschrift.svg
}}
 
 
سطر 11 ⟵ 29:
* Philosophy of History
* Philosophy of Art
 
== مزید دیکھیے ==
{{Portal|Philosophy}}
{{Div col}}
* [[خدا مر گیا ہے]]
* [[Hegel-Archiv]]
* [[Political consciousness]]
* [[Process theology]]
{{Div col end}}
 
== ملاحظات ==
{{حوالہ جات|30em}}
 
== Further reading ==
The secondary literature on Hegel is vast. The following references provide only a small selection of introductory English-language texts. (For a more complete listing, see the External links section or the Library resources box to the right.)
{{refbegin|45em}}
* [[Frederick C. Beiser|Beiser, Frederick C.]] (ed.)، 1993. ''The Cambridge Companion to Hegel''۔ Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|0-521-38711-6}}۔
* Beiser, Frederick C.، 2005. ''Hegel''۔ New York: Routledge.
* Burbidge, John, 2006. ''The Logic of Hegel's Logic: An Introduction''۔ Broadview Press. {{ISBN|1-55111-633-2}}
* [[John Niemeyer Findlay|Findlay, J. N.]]، 1958. ''Hegel: A Re-examination''۔ New York: Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-519879-4}}
* Francke, Kuno, Howard, William Guild, Schiller, Friedrich, 1913–1914 {{cite web|title=''The German classics of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries:'' masterpieces of German literature translated into English Vol 7, Jay Lowenberg, The Life of Georg Wilhelm Freidrich Hegel |url=https://archive.org/stream/germanclassicsof07franuoft#page/n25/mode/2up|accessdate=2010-09-24}}
* [[Harris, H. S.]]، 1995. ''Hegel: Phenomenology and System''۔ Indianapolis: Hackett.
* Houlgate, Stephen, 2005. ''An Introduction to Hegel. Freedom, Truth and History''۔ Oxford: Blackwell
* Houlgate, Stephen, 2005. ''The Opening of Hegel's Logic: From Being to Infinity''۔ Purdue University Press. {{ISBN|1-55753-257-5}}
* [[Jean Hyppolite|Hyppolite, Jean]]، 1946. ''Genèse et structure de la Phénoménologie de l'esprit''۔ Paris: Aubier. Eng. tr. Samuel Cherniak and John Heckman as ''Genesis and Structure of Hegel's "Phenomenology of Spirit"''، Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1979. {{ISBN|0-8101-0594-2}}۔
* [[Michael Inwood|Inwood, Michael]]، 1983. ''Hegel''۔ London: Routledge & Kegan Paul (''Arguments of the Philosophers'')
* [[Alexandre Kojève|Kojève, Alexandre]]، 1947. ''Introduction à la lecture de Hegel''۔ Paris: Gallimard. Eng. tr. James H. Nichols, Jr.، as ''Introduction to the Reading of Hegel: Lectures on the Phenomenology of Spirit''، Basic Books, 1969. {{ISBN|0-8014-9203-3}}۔
* Kainz, Howard P.، 1996. ''G. W. F. Hegel''۔ Athens: Ohio University Press. {{ISBN|0-8214-1231-0}}۔
* [[Walter Kaufmann (philosopher)|Kaufmann, Walter]]، 1965. ''Hegel: A Reinterpretation''۔ New York: Doubleday (reissued Notre Dame IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1978)۔
* [[Domenico Losurdo|Losurdo, Domenico]]، 2004. ''Hegel and the Freedom of Moderns''۔ Duke University Press Books
* [[Georg Lukács|Lukács, Georg]]، 1948. ''Der junge Hegel''۔ Zürich and Vienna (2nd ed. Berlin, 1954)۔ Eng. tr. Rodney Livingstone as ''The Young Hegel''، London: Merlin Press, 1975. {{ISBN|0-262-12070-4}}۔
* [[Mueller, Gustav Emil]]، 1968. ''Hegel: the man, his vision, and work''۔ New York: Pageant Press.
* Maker, William, 1994. ''Philosophy Without Foundations: Rethinking Hegel''۔ State University of New York Press. {{ISBN|0-7914-2100-7}}۔
* [[Herbert Marcuse|Marcuse, Herbert]]، 1941. ''Reason and Revolution: Hegel and the Rise of Social Theory''۔
* [[Terry Pinkard|Pinkard, Terry]]، 1988. ''Hegel's Dialectic: The Explanation of Possibility''۔ Temple University Press
* [[Terry Pinkard|Pinkard, Terry]]، 1994. ''Hegel's Phenomenology: The Sociality of Reason''۔ Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
* [[Manfred Riedel|Riedel, Manfred]]، 1984. ''Between Tradition and Revolution: The Hegelian Transformation of Political Philosophy''، Cambridge.
* [[Gillian Rose|Rose, Gillian]]، 1981. ''Hegel Contra Sociology''۔ Athlone Press.
* Rosen, Stanley, 2000. ''G.W.F Hegel: Introduction To Science Of Wisdom''، (Carthage Reprint) St. Augustines Press; 1 edition {{ISBN|978-1-890318-48-2}}
* [[John Russon|Russon, John]]، 2004. ''Reading Hegel's Phenomenology''۔ Indiana University Press. {{ISBN|0-253-21692-3}}۔
* [[Robert B. Pippin|Pippin, Robert B.]]، 1989. ''Hegel's Idealism: the Satisfactions of Self-Consciousness''۔ Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|0-521-37923-7}}۔
* {{Citation|last=Rutter|first=Benjamin |year=2010 |title=Hegel on the Modern Arts |location= Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press}}
* [[Raymond Plant|Plant, Raymond]]، 1983. ''Hegel: An Introduction.'' Oxford: Blackwell
* [[Peter Singer|Singer, Peter]]، 2001. ''Hegel: A Very Short Introduction''۔ New York: Oxford University Press (previously issued in the OUP ''Past Masters'' series, 1983)
* Solomon, Robert, 1983. ''In the Spirit of Hegel''، Oxford: Oxford University Press
* {{cite book | last = Stern | first = Robert | author-link = Robert Stern (philosopher) | title = The Routledge guide book to Hegel's Phenomenology of spirit | publisher = Routledge | edition = second | location = Abingdon, Oxon New York | year = 2013 | isbn = 978-0-415-66445-5}}
* Stewart, Jon, ed.، 1996. ''The Hegel Myths and Legends''۔ Northwestern University Press.
* [[James Hutchison Stirling|Stirling, James Hutchison]]، ''[[The Secret of Hegel]]'': Being the Hegelian System in Origin Principle, Form and Matter, London: Oliver & Boyd
* [[W. T. Stace|Stace, W. T.]]، 1955. ''The Philosophy of Hegel''۔ New York: Dover.
* [[Charles Taylor (philosopher)|Taylor, Charles]]، 1975. ''Hegel''۔ Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|0-521-29199-2}}۔
* Williams, Robert R.، 2000. ''Hegel's Ethics of Recognition''، University of California Press; New Ed edition {{ISBN|978-0-520-22492-6}}
* [[Allen W. Wood|Wood, Allen W.]]، 1990 ''Hegel's Ethical Thought''، Cambridge University Press {{ISBN|978-0-521-37782-9}}
{{refend}}
 
== بیرونی روابط ==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Commons category}}
{{Commons|Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel}}
{{Wikisource author}}
* Andrew Chitty's (University of Sussex) [http://www.sussex.ac.uk/Users/sefd0/bib/hegel.htm Hegel Bibliography]
* {{cite SEP |url-id=hegel |title=Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel |last=Redding |first=Paul}}
* {{cite SEP |url-id=hegel-aesthetics |title=Hegel's Aesthetics |last=Houlgate |first=Stephen}}
* [http://classiques.uqac.ca/contemporains/gouin_jean_luc/gouin_jean_luc.html « Der Instinkt der Vernünftigkeit » and other texts] – Works on Hegel in [[Université du Québec]] site (in French)
* [https://archive.org/details/hegelasnational00unkngoog Hegel, as the National Philosopher of Germany (1874)] [[Karl Rosenkranz]]، Granville Stanley Hall, William Torrey Harris, Gray, Baker & Co. 1874
* [http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/hegel.html Hegel page in 'The History Guide']
* [http://hegel.net/ Hegel.net] – freely available resources (under the [[گنو آزاد مسوداتی اجازت نامہ]])
* Lowenberg J.، (1913) [https://archive.org/stream/germanclassicsof07franuoft#page/n25/mode/2up "The Life of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel"]۔ in ''German classics of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries''۔ New York: German Publication Society.
 
=== Audio ===
* {{Librivox author |id=4604}}
 
=== Video ===
[[زمرہ:اٹھارویں صدی کے جرمن مصنفین]]
* [https://vimeo.com/10865478 ''Hegel: The First Cultural Psychologist''] 2007 from Vimeo [[Andy Blunden]]
[[زمرہ:انیسویں صدی کے جرمن مصنفین]]
 
=== Societies ===
[[زمرہ:مثالیت پسند]]
* [http://www.hegel.org/ The Hegel Society of America]
[[زمرہ:منطقی]]
* [http://hegel-society.org.uk/ The Hegel Society of Great Britain]
[[زمرہ:جرمنی میں وبائی مرض اموات]]
 
[[زمرہ:انیسویں صدی کے فلسفی]]
=== Hegel texts online ===
[[زمرہ:نظریات تاریخ]]
* {{Gutenberg author |id=Hegel,+Georg+Wilhelm+Friedrich | name=Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel}}
[[زمرہ:پراسراریت]]
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Hegel}}
* [http://www.class.uidaho.edu/mickelsen/texts/Hegel%20-%20Philosophy%20of%20History.htm ''Philosophy of History'' Introduction]
* [http://libcom.org/library/philosophy-right-hegel Hegel's ''The Philosophy of Right'']
* [http://libcom.org/library/philosophy-history-hegel Hegel's ''The Philosophy of History'']
* [http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hegel/index.htm Hegel by HyperText]، reference archive on [[Marxists.org]]
* [http://terrypinkard.weebly.com/phenomenology-of-spirit-page.html ''Phenomenology of Spirit''۔ translated by Terry Pinkard (2012)]
 
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