"قحط" کے نسخوں کے درمیان فرق

'''قحط''' غذائی قلت پر محیط ایسی صورت حال ہے، جس میں کسی بھی جاندار کو [[خوردنی اشیاء]] دستیاب نہ ہوں۔ یا خوردنی اشیاء کی شدید قلت پڑ جائے جو عموما{{دوزبر}} زمینی خرابی، [[خشک سالی]] اور [[عدوی|وبائی امراض]] کی بدولت ہوسکتی ہے۔ ایسی صورت حال میں بڑے پیمانے پر [[موت|اموات]] کا بھی خدشہ ہوتا ہے۔

 

 

[[وارن ہیسٹنگز]] ( Warren Hastings) کے مطابق [[بنگال]] کے قحط میں لگ بھگ ایک کروڑ افراد بھوک سے مر گئے جو کل آبادی کا ایک تہائی تھے۔ لوگ روٹی کی خاطر اپنے بچے بیچنے لگے تھے۔<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/The-Corporation-that-Changed-World/dp/0745325238 The Corporation that Changed World]</ref>

 

:Talking about the Bengal famine in 1943, Churchill said: “I hate Indians. They are a beastly people with a beastly religion. The famine was their own fault for breeding like rabbits.”<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/worst-atrocities-british-empire-amritsar-boer-war-concentration-camp-mau-mau-a6821756.html 5 of the worst atrocities carried out by the British Empire]</ref>

{| class="wikitable"

:the riches of the west were built on the graves of the East.

 

قحط کو ایک قدرتی آفت سمجھا جاتا ہے لیکن ہمیشہ ایسا نہیں ہوتا۔ 1980ء کے جنوبی [[سوڈان]] کے قحط سے بالکل واضح ہے کہ صادق ال مہدی کی جمہوری حکومت، حکومت کے حمایت یافتہ جنگجو گروہ، بین الاقوامی امدادی ادارے اور SPLM نے دنکالینڈ میں قحط پیدا کرنے میں بھرپور حصہ لیا۔<!-- David Keen’s The Benefits of Famine is an updated paperback of the original 1994 edition, with a new foreword by the historian Douglas Johnson. The author presents a well-documented and historically informed statement on the ‘politics of famine’ in Sudan, with a focus on its functions. Keen problematizes the notion of ‘famine’ in international and mainstream academic discourse as ‘a natural disaster’. He shows how different forces and players including, but not restricted to, the democratic regime led by Sadiq el-Mahdi, government-supported militias (such as Arab murahaleen), international donors, and the SPLM actively contributed to the social creation of the 1980s famine in south-western Sudan (Dinkaland).

--><ref>[https://academic.oup.com/afraf/article-abstract/109/436/510/146893?redirectedFrom=fulltext ‘politics of famine’]</ref>

امرتیا سن (Amartya Sen) کا یہ نظریہ بالکل غلط نکلا کہ [[غربت]] کی وجہ سے قحط آتا ہے۔ دنکالینڈ پر ثروت کی وجہ سے قحط آیا اور ان کی دولت چند دوسرے بااثر لوگوں کو منتقل ہو گئی۔ اس مثال سے انسانی ہمدردی کرنے والے بین الاقوامی اداروں کی ساکھ مشکوک ہو گئی ہے۔

<!-- Identifying those Sudanese interests that actively promoted famine and obstructed relief, Keen shows how the assets of the politically powerless Dinka were forcibly transferred to beneficiary groups. In a sense, and contrary to the emphasis of Amartya Sen, it was the Dinkas' wealth, rather than their poverty, which exposed them to famine in a context where they lacked political redress against exploitation. For the most part, international donors failed to counteract the processes leading to famine or to speak up on behalf of those who lacked political influence in their own society. At a time when the effectiveness of the U.N. and the international community in such crises is increasingly being questioned, this provocative work provides compelling evidence of flaws in current thinking about humanitarian intervention and in its practice. --><ref>[https://www.amazon.com/Benefits-Famine-Political-Southwestern-1983-1989/dp/0691034230 قحط کے فوائد]</ref>

 

:Through the Ukranian famine and genocides similar to it (The Kazakstan Famine, The Muslim Deportations) Stalin assured that Russia would dominate the Soviet Union and would not be challenged by nationalism (Infoukes).<!-- The first five year plan was launched by Stalin in 1928. Fundamental in this plan was the collectivization of farms. When the Ukrainian farmers resisted, Stalin launched his brutal famine. This genocide was much more complex than the Holocaust. Aside from racism and anger, Stalin had other reasons for his mass murder, all of which were meant to benefit Russia. These goals for the famine included:

 

The West Stays Quiet --><ref>[http://www.angelfire.com/ny5/famine/6.html Benefits for Russia]</ref>

 

:"یہ بالکل واضح تھا کہ (ہندوستان میں) قحط سے نمٹنے کے لیے جس رقم کی ضرورت تھی وہ 1878 ء سے 1880 ء کی افغانستان سے جنگ پر خرچ ہو رہی تھی۔"<ref>[https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=amE1cz1fkIkC&pg=PA707&lpg=PA707&d Florence Nightingale on Health in India: Collected Works of Florence Nightingale]</ref>

 

Nightingale become aware that there were two kinds f famine, a grain famine and a "money famine." -->

 

 

 

{{قدرتی آفات}}

 

[[زمرہ:خشک سالی]]

[[زمرہ:غذائی قلت]]

[[زمرہ:وبائی امراض]]