"شوگون" کے نسخوں کے درمیان فرق

حذف شدہ مندرجات اضافہ شدہ مندرجات
سطر 2:
 
'''شوگون''' ({{Nihongo|انگریزی: '''''shogun''''')|جاپانی: 将軍|نقل حرفی: shōgun|{{IPA-ja|ɕo:ɡɯɴ||Ja-Shogun.oga}}}}
[[1185ء]] سے [[1868ء]] تک کے دور میں [[جاپان]] کے فوجی آمر تھے۔ اس دور میں زیادہ تر شوگون ملک کے [[درحقیقت]] حکمران تھے، تاہم وہ برائے نام [[شہنشاہ جاپان|شہنشاہ]] کی طرف سے رسمی طور پر مقرر کیے جاتے تھے۔<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/541431/shogunate|title=Shogun|work=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=November 19, 2014| archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20181225200241/https://www.britannica.com/topic/shogunate | archivedate = 25 دسمبر 2018 }}</ref>
 
== حوالہ جات ==
سطر 9:
== مزید پڑھیے ==
* [[William G. Beasley|Beasley, William G.]] (1955). ''Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853–1868.'' London: [[اوکسفرڈ یونیورسٹی پریس]]. [reprinted by [[روٹلیج]], London, 2001. {{ISBN|978-0-19-713508-2}} (cloth)]
* {{cite web |url=http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/world/A0858985.html |title=Japan: History: Early History to the Ashikaga Shoguns |author=Columbia University |work=Factmonster |year=2000 |accessdate=2007-04-17| archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20181225200244/https://www.factmonster.com/encyclopedia/places/asia/japanese-political-geography/japan/history | archivedate = 25 دسمبر 2018 }}
* {{cite journal |title=The Changing of the Shogun 1289: An Excerpt from Towazugatari |first=Karen |last=Brazell |journal=The Journal of the Association of Teachers of Japanese |volume=8 |issue=1 |date=November 1972 |pages=58–65 |doi=10.2307/489093 |jstor=489093}}
* {{cite journal |title=The Shogun's 'Painting Match' |first=Karen L. |last=Brock |journal=Monumenta Nipponica |volume=50 |issue=4 |date=Winter 1995 |pages=433–484 |doi=10.2307/2385589 |jstor=2385589}}
سطر 23:
* {{cite encyclopedia |year=1992 |title=Shogun |encyclopedia=The World Book Encyclopedia |publisher=World Book |location= |isbn=0-7166-0092-7 |volume=17 |pages=432–433}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.bakusin.com/date.html |script-title=ja:仙台藩主 |first=Bakumatuisin |last=Sinsengumi |work=Bakusin |year=2003 |language=Japanese |accessdate=2007-04-17}}
* {{cite book |title=Learning from Shogun: Japanese History and Western Fantasy |first=Henry (ed.) |last=Smith |url=http://www.columbia.edu/~hds2/learning/Learning_from_shogun_txt.pdf |format=PDF |year=1980 |location=Santa Barbara |publisher=University of California Program in Asian Studies| archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20181225200239/http://www.columbia.edu/~hds2/learning/Learning_from_shogun_txt.pdf%20 | archivedate = 25 دسمبر 2018 }}
* {{cite journal |title=Political Succession in The Tokugawa Bakufu: Abe Masahiro's Rise to Power, 1843–1845 |first=Conrad |last=Totman |journal=Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies |volume=26 |year=1966 |pages=102–124 |doi=10.2307/2718461 |jstor=2718461}}
* {{cite journal |title=In Name Only: Imperial Sovereignty in Early Modern Japan |first=Bob Tadashi |last=Wakabayashi |journal=Journal of Japanese Studies |volume=17 |issue=1 |date=Winter 1991 |pages=25–57 |doi=10.2307/132906 |jstor=132906}}