"امارت اسلامی افغانستان" کے نسخوں کے درمیان فرق

حذف شدہ مندرجات اضافہ شدہ مندرجات
درست لفظ
(ٹیگ: ترمیم از موبائل موبائل ویب ترمیم)
م خودکار:تبدیلی ربط V3.4
سطر 7:
| capital = [[کابل]]<ref name="ETH">{{cite web|url=https://ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/gess/cis/center-for-securities-studies/resources/docs/USIP-pw126_kabul-and-the-challenge-of-dwindling-foreign-aid.pdf|website=ETH Zürich|title=Kabul and the Challenge of Dwindling Foreign Aid|first=Fabrizio|last=Foschini|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609180040/https://ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/gess/cis/center-for-securities-studies/resources/docs/USIP-pw126_kabul-and-the-challenge-of-dwindling-foreign-aid.pdf|archive-date=9 June 2020|quote=Afghanistan’s capital city of Kabul [...] After 2001, Kabul quickly assumed the role and size of a primate city, one that has more than double the population and influence of the same country’s second-largest city. Herat, Mazar-e Sharif, and Kandahar do not even come close to half Kabul’s population.}}</ref>|
| largest_city = capital
| national_anthem = {{lang|ps|دا د باتورانو کور}}<br>{{transl|ps|Dā də bātorāno kor}}<br /><!--{{transl|}}<br />-->{{center|"[[Thisیہ isجانبازوں theکا Homeمسکن of the Braveہے]]"<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web|title=BBCNazer.com {{!}} زندگى و آموزش {{!}} حرف های مردم: سرود ملی|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/nazer/lifeandlearning_dari/story/2007/08/070830_ws-aep-pt-national-anthem.shtml|access-date=2021-08-18|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref><ref name="Amirzai">{{Cite web|last= Amirzai |first= Shafiq l|title=د ملي سرود تاریخ {{!}} روهي|url=https://rohi.af/news/35829|access-date=2021-08-18|website=Rohi.Af|language=ps}}</ref><ref name="nunn.asia">{{Cite web|date=2018-01-16|title=ملا فقیر محمد درویش د جهادي ترنم منل شوی سرخیل|url=https://www.nunn.asia/113730/%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7-%d9%81%d9%82%db%8c%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%af-%d8%af%d8%b1%d9%88%db%8c%d8%b4-%d8%af-%d8%ac%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%86%d9%85-%d9%85%d9%86%d9%84-%d8%b4%d9%88%db%8c/|access-date=2021-08-18|website=نن ټکی اسیا|language=ps}}</ref><ref name="Tharoor">{{Cite news|last=Tharoor|first=Ishaan|date=2013-06-19|title=The Taliban's Qatar Office: Are Prospects for Peace Already Doomed?|language=en-US|work=Time|url=https://world.time.com/2013/06/19/the-talibans-qatar-office-are-prospects-for-peace-already-doomed/|access-date=2021-08-19|issn=0040-781X}}</ref>}} {{centre|[[File:DaBatoranoKor.ogg]]}}
| official_languages = [[Pashtoپشتو زبان]]
| ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list
|42% [[پشتون]]
سطر 20:
}}
| religion = {{unbulleted list
| 99.7% [[Islamافغانستان inمیں Afghanistan|Islamاسلام]] ([[State religion|official]])
| {{0|0}}0.3% [[Demographics of Afghanistan#Religion|others]]
}}
| demonym = [[افغان]]
| government_type = [[Unitaryوحدانی state|Unitaryریاست]] [[Deobandiدیوبندی مکتب فکر]] [[Islamicحکومت state|Islamicالہیہ]] [[emirateامارت]] under a [[caretaker government]]
| leader_title1 = [[Head of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan |Emir]]{{efn|name=Emir|The official title is [[Amir al-Mu'minin]] (in English: Commander of the Faithful). The position is often referred to in English as simply "[[امیر]]".}}
| leader_name1 = {{nowrap|[[ھبت الله اخوندزادہ]]}}
| leader_title2 = [[Primeوزیراعظم Minister of Afghanistan|Prime Ministerافغانستان]]
| leader_name2 = [[محمد حسن اخوند]] ([[Acting (law)|acting]])
| leader_title3 = [[Deputy prime minister|First Deputy Prime Minister]]
سطر 33:
| leader_title5 = [[Deputy prime minister|Second Deputy Prime Minister]]
| leader_name5 = [[عبدالسلام حنفی]] ([[Acting (law)|acting]])
| legislature = [[TBAاعلان ہونا باقی]] (as of 2021)
| area_km2 = 652,864
| area_rank = 40th
سطر 43:
| population_density_sq_mi = 119
| population_density_rank = 174th
| currency = [[Afghanافغان afghani|Afghaniافغانی]] (افغانی)
| calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Afghanistan|+93]]
| image_flag = Flag of Taliban.svg <!--Do not change to 'Flag of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (2021-present).jpg' or variants without prior consensus-->
| image_coat = Taliban CoA.svg
| event_pre = [[Fallسقوط ofکابل Kabul (2021)|Recapture of Kabul2021ء]]
| date_pre = 15 August 2021
| date_start = 19 August 2021
سطر 64:
| currency_code = AFN
| time_zone = D†
| utc_offset = +4:30<br />[[Solarشمسی Hijriہجری calendar|Solar Calendarتقویم]]
| drives_on = [[Right- and left-hand traffic#Afghanistan|right]]
| cctld = [[Af.af]] [[افغانستان.]]
| pyear =
| leader_title4 =
سطر 75:
{{Use Oxford spelling|date=August 2021}}
 
The '''Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan'''{{efn|{{lang-ps|د افغانستان اسلامي امارت|Də Afġānistān Islāmī Imārat}}}}<ref>{{cite web|author = Directorate of Intelligence|title = CIA – The World Factbook – Afghanistan| format= mirror|year= 2001|url = http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact2001/geos/af.html#Govt|access-date = 7 March 2008|quote = note – the self-proclaimed Taliban government refers to the country as Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan}}</ref> is an [[listمحدود ofتسلیم statesشدہ withریاستوں limitedکی recognition|unrecognizedفہرست]] [[Emirate|Islamic emirateامارت]] that was first established in September 1996 by the [[Talibanتحریک اسلامی طالبان]], a [[Deobandiدیوبندی مکتب فکر]] Islamist organization that began its governance of [[Afghanistanافغانستان]] after the [[Battle of Kabul (1992–1996)|1996 fall of Kabul]]. In 2001, it was toppled by a [[Participants in Operation Enduring Freedom|United States-led military coalition]] that [[United States invasion of Afghanistan|invaded the country]] after the [[Septemberسانحہ 11 attacksستمبر 2001ء]], sparking the 20-year [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|war in Afghanistan]]. The Taliban returned to power after the departure of most [[NATOتنظیم معاہدہ شمالی اوقیانوس]] forces and the [[Fallسقوط ofکابل Kabul (2021)|August 2021 fall of Kabul2021ء]], and has since had ''[[de factoدرحقیقت]]'' control over most of the country.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2021-08-26|title=Taliban declares ‘war is over in Afghanistan’ as foreign powers exit Kabul|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/16/taliban-declares-war-is-over-in-afghanistan-as-us-led-forces-exit-kabul|date=2021-08-16|website=the Guardian}}</ref>
 
The 1996–2001 Taliban government was recognized only by [[Pakistanپاکستان]], [[Saudiسعودی Arabiaعرب]], and the [[Unitedمتحدہ Arabعرب Emirates|United Arab Emirates.امارات]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Guelke|first1=Adrian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=diJSFBiOMjUC&pg=PA55|title=Terrorism and Global Disorder – Adrian Guelke – Google Libros|date=25 August 2006|isbn=9781850438038|access-date=15 August 2012}}</ref> It was a [[theocracyمذہبی آمریت]] ruled by a Deobandi interpretation of [[Sharia|Islamic religious law (''Sharia'')شریعت]] in accordance with the [[Hanafi|Hanafi schoolحنفی]] of [[Fiqh|Islamic jurisprudenceفقہ]] and the religious edicts of the group's founding leader, [[Mohammedملا Omarعمر]]. It opposed [[liberal democracy]], [[secularismسیکولرازم]], and the [[Western world]], particularly the [[Unitedریاست Statesہائے متحدہ]] and [[Israelاسرائیل]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Nagamine|first=Yoshinobu|title=The Legitimization Strategy of the Taliban's Code of Conduct: Through the One-Way Mirror|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|year=2016|isbn=9781137530882|pages=19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Jeffrey|first1=Craig|title=Keywords for Modern India|last2=Harriss|first2=John|publisher=[[Oxfordاوکسفرڈ Universityیونیورسٹی Pressپریس]]|year=2014|isbn=9780191643927|pages=77}}</ref><ref name="Matinuddin" /> Several cultural and recreational activities were banned as [[Haram|''haram''حرام (اصطلاح)]]. Women and girls were [[Treatment of women by the Taliban#Education|forbidden to attend schools and universities]] and [[Treatment of women by the Taliban#Employment|largely banned from working]]; they were also required to observe the practice of ''[[purdah]]'' and to be accompanied by ''[[mahramمحرم (رشتہ)|محرم]]'' male relatives outside of their households. [[Flagellation|Whippings]] or [[Capitalسزائے punishment|executionموت]] were punishments for infractions. The five [[Salah|Islamic daily prayers (''salah'')نماز]] were enforced for all [[Muslimsمسلمان]]. [[Christiansمسیحی]], [[Shiaاہل Islam|Shia Muslimsتشیع]], [[Buddhism|Buddhistsبدھ مت]], [[Sikhsسکھ]], [[Hindusہندو]] and other non-[[Sunniاہل Islam|Sunni Muslimسنت]] minorities faced widespread [[religiousمذہبی discriminationامتیاز]] and [[cultural genocide]] and other persecution. The Taliban also destroyed numerous monuments and historical artifacts, such as the 1,500-year-old [[Buddhasبامیان ofکے Bamiyanبدھ]].
 
The 2001 United States-led invasion of Afghanistan occurred after the Taliban refused to comply with the [[Presidency of George W. Bush|Bush administration]]'s ultimatum that the group extradite al-Qaeda leader [[Osamaاسامہ binبن Ladenلادن]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 September 2001|title=Taliban rejects Bush ultimatum|url=https://gulfnews.com/uae/taliban-rejects-bush-ultimatum-1.425373|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-22|website=gulfnews.com|language=en}}</ref> The [[Battleتورا ofبورا Toraکی Boraلڑائی]] on {{Date|Dec 17, 2001|dmy}} marked the effective overthrow of the Islamic Emirate by the [[Northernشمالی اتحاد (افغانستان)|شمالی Allianceاتحاد]], which had been greatly bolstered by the [[International Security Assistance Force|International Security Assistance Force (ISAF)]] established after the American invasion two months prior; this led to the Taliban's withdrawal from much of the country and the eventual formation of the [[Islamic Republic of Afghanistan]]. Nonetheless, the Taliban continued to refer to itself as the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Nordland|first1=Rod|last2=Rubin|first2=Alissa J.|date=24 June 2013|title=Taliban Flag Is Gone in Qatar, but Talks Remain in Doubt|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/24/world/middleeast/taliban-flag-is-gone-in-qatar-but-talks-remain-in-doubt.html|access-date=2 July 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
 
During the [[Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan (2020–2021)|2021 withdrawal of American and NATO troops]], the Taliban launched [[2021 Taliban offensive|a military offensive]] in May 2021, and rapidly took control of Afghanistan in three and a half months. The [[Afghan Armed Forces]] disintegrated, and the Islamic Republic collapsed on {{Date|Aug 15, 2021|dmy}}, when Taliban forces seized the capital and largest city of [[Kabulکابل]]. This collapse was widely interpreted to be indicative of broader trends globally; including the rising influence and power of Islamism in Muslim regions, the [[Democratic backsliding|growing draw of illiberal models of governance]], and perceived [[American decline]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last1=Hudson|first1=John|last2=Ryan|first2=Missy|date=August 17, 2021|title=Withdrawal from Afghanistan forces allies and adversaries to reconsider America's global role|language=en-US|work=[[Theدی Washingtonواشنگٹن Postپوسٹ]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/withdrawal-from-afghanistan-forces-allies-and-adversaries-to-reconsider-americas-global-role/2021/08/17/2808ddbc-ff84-11eb-825d-01701f9ded64_story.html|access-date=2021-08-18|issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Cohen|first=Roger|date=2021-08-17|title=For America, and Afghanistan, the Post-9/11 Era Ends Painfully|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/17/world/asia/afghanistan-united-states.html|access-date=2021-08-17|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Sanger|first=David E.|date=2021-08-15|title=For Biden, Images of Defeat He Wanted to Avoid|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/15/us/politics/afghanistan-biden.html|access-date=2021-08-17|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Many people became trapped in the wake of the rapid and unexpected collapse of the Afghan government, triggering a [[2021 evacuation from Afghanistan|evacuation crisis]], with tens of thousands of American citizens, and those of other allied countries, stranded inside Taliban-controlled regions.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Packer|first=George|date=2021-08-17|title=We Have One Last Chance to Save Our Allies|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/08/america-afghanistan-allies/619784/|access-date=2021-08-18|website=The Atlantic|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">'''Multiple sources:'''
*{{Cite news|last1=Parekh|first1=Marcus|last2=Bowman|first2=Verity|last3=Millimaci|first3=Grace|last4=White|first4=Josh|date=2021-08-16|title=Joe Biden: 'I stand squarely behind' US withdrawal|language=en-GB|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2021/08/16/afghanistan-taliban-kabul-control-us-evacuation-middle-east/|access-date=2021-08-18|issn=0307-1235}}
*{{Cite news|last=O’Neal|first=Adam|date=2021-08-17|title=Opinion {{!}} The Translators Biden Left Behind|language=en-US|work=[[Theوال Wallاسٹریٹ Street Journalجرنل]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/biden-blinken-afghanistan-withdrawal-translators-special-immigrant-visas-siv-taliban-11629235840|access-date=2021-08-18|issn=0099-9660}}
*{{Cite web|last1=Tsirkin|first1=Julie|last2=Thorp V|first2=Frank|last3=Helsel|first3=Phil|date=August 17, 2021|title=Up to 15,000 Americans remain in Afghanistan after Taliban takeover|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/15-000-americans-remain-afghanistan-after-taliban-takeover-n1277033|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-18|website=NBC News|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Demirjian|first=Karoun|date=August 17, 2021|title=Administration estimates that up to 15,000 Americans remain in Afghanistan, Senate aides say|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/08/17/afghanistan-kabul-taliban-live-updates/|url-status=live|access-date=August 18, 2021|website=[[Theدی Washingtonواشنگٹن Postپوسٹ]]|language=en|quote=According to the aides, the administration officials — from the State and Defense departments, as well as the National Security Council and the Joint Chiefs of Staff — also told the assembled Senate staffers that there is no plan to evacuate Americans who are outside Kabul, as they do not have a way of getting through the Taliban checkpoints outside the Afghan capital.}}</ref>
 
Although no government has recognized the re-established Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan {{As of|2021|September|8|lc=y}}{{update-inline|date=September 2021}}, the governments of [[Chinaچین]], Pakistan, [[Russiaروس]], Saudi Arabia and the United States<ref>{{Cite web|last=Iqbal|first=Anwar|date=2021-08-16|title=US to recognise Taliban only if they respect basic rights, says Blinken|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1640919|access-date=2021-08-16|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}</ref> said that they may recognize the Taliban government if it respects basic human rights.<ref name=":0" />