{{حوالہ جات|30em|refs=<ref name=Olausson2006>{{cite book|last1=Olausson|first1=Lena|last2=Sangster|first2=Catherine|title=Oxford BBC Guide to Pronunciation|year=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford, England|isbn=978-0-19-280710-6|page=120}}</ref><ref name="Gagarin2010">{{cite book|author=Michael Gagarin|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=lNV6-HsUppsC&pg=RA2-PA78|year=2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-517072-6|pages=2–|quote=Historical Overview A Greek city-state on the Aegean coast of Asia Minor, at the mouth of Cayster River (Küçük Menderes), Ephesus ...|archiveurl= httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20181224215232/https://books.google.com/books?id=lNV6-HsUppsC&pg=RA2-PA78&hl=en|archivedate= 24 دسمبر 2018-12-24|access-date=2014-02-12|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Ramirez-Faria2007">{{cite book|author=Carlos Ramirez-Faria|title=Concise Encyclopeida Of World History|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=gGKsS-9h4BYC|date=1 January 2007|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-269-0775-5|archiveurl= httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20181224215233/https://books.google.com/books?id=gGKsS-9h4BYC&hl=en|archivedate= 24 دسمبر 2018-12-24|access-date=2014-02-12|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=BritishMuseum>{{cite web | last = Hawkins | first = J. David | year = 2009 | title = The Arzawa letters in recent perspective | journal = British Museum Studies in Ancient Egypt and Sudan | issue = 14 | pages = 73–83 | url = http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/online_journals/bmsaes/issue_14/hawkins.aspx}}</ref><ref name="SteadmanMcMahon2011">{{cite book|author1=Sharon R. Steadman|author2=Gregory McMahon|author3=John Gregory McMahon|title=The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia: (10,000-323 BCE)|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=7ND_CE9If3kC|date=15 September 2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-537614-2|page=366 and 608|quote="In the case of such settlements as Miletus and Ephesus, as implied, the Greeks chose the sites of former Anatolian cities of prominence"|archiveurl= httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20181224215230/https://books.google.com/books?id=7ND_CE9If3kC&hl=en|archivedate= 24 دسمبر 2018-12-24|access-date=2014-02-12|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=conn>{{cite book |last= Murphy-O'Connor |first= Jerome |title= St. Paul's Ephesus: Texts and Archaeology |year= 2008 |publisher= Liturgical Press |isbn= 9780814652596 |page= 131 |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=4FwV5fu8D_UC&pg=PA131}}</ref><ref name=hans253>{{cite book |last= Hanson |first= J. W. |chapter= The Urban System of Roman Asia Minor |title= Settlement, Urbanization, and Population |year= 2011 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England |isbn= 9780199602353 |page= 253 |editor1-last= Bowman |editor1-first= Alan |editor2-last= Wilson |editor2-first= Andrew |series= Oxford Studies on the Roman Economy |volume= 2}}</ref><ref name=hans258>{{cite book |last= Hanson |first= J. W. |chapter= The Urban System of Roman Asia Minor |title= Settlement, Urbanization, and Population |year= 2011 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England |isbn= 9780199602353 |page= 258 |editor1-last= Bowman |editor1-first= Alan |editor2-last= Wilson |editor2-first= Andrew |series= Oxford Studies on the Roman Economy |volume= 2}}</ref><ref name=hans252to257>{{cite book |last= Hanson |first= J. W. |chapter= The Urban System of Roman Asia Minor |title= Settlement, Urbanization, and Population |year= 2011 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England |isbn= 9780199602353 |pages= 252–257 |editor1-last= Bowman |editor1-first= Alan |editor2-last= Wilson |editor2-first= Andrew |series= Oxford Studies on the Roman Economy |volume= 2}}</ref><ref name=pric18>{{cite book |last= Price |first= Simon |chapter= Estimating Ancient Greek Populations |title= Settlement, Urbanization, and Population |year= 2011 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford, England |isbn= 9780199602353 |page= 18 |editor1-last= Bowman |editor1-first= Alan |editor2-last= Wilson |editor2-first= Andrew |series= Oxford Studies on the Roman Economy |volume= 2 |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=yf5b50KuibQC&pg=PA18}}</ref>
