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Hoffman was an accomplished theater actor and director. He joined the [[LAByrinth Theater Company]] in 1995, and directed and performed in numerous stage productions. His performances in three [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] plays led to three Tony Award nominations: two for [[Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Play|Best Leading Actor]], in ''[[True West (play)|True West]]'' (2000) and ''[[Death of a Salesman]]'' (2012), and one for [[Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actor in a Play|Best Featured Actor]] in ''[[Long Day's Journey into Night]]'' (2003). In their front-page obituary following his sudden death at age 46, ''[[The New York Times]]'' referred to Hoffman as "perhaps the most ambitious and widely admired American actor of his generation".<ref name="NYT">{{cite news |first1=Bruce |last1=Weber |first2=J. David |last2=Goodman |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/03/movies/philip-seymour-hoffman-actor-dies-at-46.html |title=Philip Seymour Hoffman, Actor, Dies at 46 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=2 February 2014}}</ref>
==Career==
===Early career (1991–94)===
Hoffman's first acting role was as a defendant in a rape case in the ''[[Law & Order]]'' episode "[[The Violence of Summer (Law & Order)|The Violence of Summer]]" (1991). In 1992, Hoffman had a minor role in [[Richard Pearce (film director)|Richard Pearce]]'s [[Comedy-drama|dramedy film]] opposite [[Steve Martin]], [[Debra Winger]], [[Lolita Davidovich]], and [[Liam Neeson]], and made his film breakthrough in ''[[Scent of a Woman (1992 film)|Scent of a Woman]]'', in which he played an unscrupulous, spoiled classmate of [[Chris O'Donnell]]'s character who exhibits jealousy towards him.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/philip_seymour_hoffman/|title=Philip Seymour Hoffman|work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|accessdate=6 February 2014}}</ref>{{sfn|Maier|2010|p=38}} In 1993, Hoffman starred opposite [[Richard Edson]] and [[Cedella Marley]] in [[Steven Starr]]'s romance ''[[Joey Breaker]]'', and appeared in [[Ramón Menéndez]]'s criminal comedy film ''[[Money for Nothing (1993 film)|Money for Nothing]]''. He also had a small role in the offbeat teen zombie picture ''[[My Boyfriend's Back (film)|My Boyfriend's Back]]'' which was panned by the critics, although Hoffman's performance was well-received.<ref>{{cite web|author=Wolf, George|url=http://wina.com/news/030030-the-essential-guide-to-philip-seymour-hoffman-movies/#sthash.mTlnZqXo.dpuf|title=The essential guide to Philip Seymour Hoffman movies|publisher=1070 Wina Newsradio|accessdate=10 February 2014}}</ref>
In 1994, Hoffman portrayed inexperienced hired mobster Frank Hansen opposite [[Alec Baldwin]] and [[Kim Basinger]] in [[Roger Donaldson]]'s crime thriller ''[[The Getaway (1994 film)|The Getaway]]'', based on the [[Jim Thompson (writer)|Jim Thompson]] [[The Getaway (novel)|novel of the same name]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00jhb9b|title=The Getaway|publisher=BBC|accessdate=10 February 2014}}</ref> His character is shot and kicked out of a car by [[Michael Madsen]] soon after a robbery. He appeared alongside [[Andy García]] and [[Meg Ryan]] in the romantic ''[[When a Man Loves a Woman (film)|When a Man Loves a Woman]]'', and played a police deputy who gets punched in the face by [[Paul Newman]] in 1994's ''[[Nobody's Fool (1994 film)|Nobody's Fool]]''.<ref>{{cite web|author=Vallance, Tom|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/philip-seymour-hoffman-oscarwinner-for-capote-acclaimed-for-an-indelible-succession-of-haunting-enigmatic-performances-9105371.html|title=Philip Seymour Hoffman obituary: Oscar-winner for 'Capote' acclaimed for an indelible succession of haunting, enigmatic performances|publisher=''The Independent''|date=4 February 2014|accessdate=10 February 2014}}</ref> Newman was a personal idol of Hoffman's from a young age.
===A rising actor (1995–99)===
In 1995, Hoffman joined the [[LAByrinth Theater Company]] of New York City, and performed in numerous productions.<ref name="RS"/> He later became co-artistic director of the theater company with [[John Ortiz]] and directed various plays over the years.<ref>{{cite book|title=Vanity Fair|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=8Ks7AQAAIAAJ|date=June 2005|publisher=Condé Nast Publications}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=American Theatre|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=My0RAQAAMAAJ|year=2008|publisher=Theatre Communications Group|page=94}}</ref> The 22-minute short comedy ''The Fifteen Minute Hamlet'' was produced for film in 1995, a "satire on the film industry as if it existed in Elizabethan times".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bufvc.ac.uk/shakespeare/index.php/title/av36805|title=Fifteen Minute Hamlet, The|publisher=British Universities Film & Video Council|accessdate=10 February 2014}}</ref> He played the characters of Bernardo, Horatio, and Laerte alongside [[Austin Pendleton]]'s Hamlet.
The following year, Hoffman briefly appeared as a young Craps player in director [[Paul Thomas Anderson]]'s debut neo-noir crime thriller ''[[Hard Eight (film)|Hard Eight]]'', which was screened in the [[Un Certain Regard]] section at the [[1996 Cannes Film Festival]].<ref name="festival-cannes.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/4724/year/1996.html |title=Festival de Cannes: Hard Eight |accessdate=10 February 2014|work=Festival-cannes.com}}</ref> Hoffman would go on to regularly collaborate with Anderson and appear in a total of five of his first six films, including ''[[Boogie Nights]]'', ''[[Magnolia (film)|Magnolia]]'', ''[[Punch-Drunk Love]]'' and ''[[The Master (2012 film)|The Master]]'', aside from ''Hard Eight''. Later in 1996 he starred in one of the year's biggest blockbusters, ''[[Twister (1996 film)|Twister]]'', playing hygienically-challenged hyperactive storm chaser Dustin 'Dusty' Davis opposite [[Helen Hunt]] and [[Bill Paxton]]. According to a ''People'' magazine survey of Twitter and Facebook users, ''Twister'' is the film that he is most popularly associated with, and the magazine remarked that Hoffman was five times better than the movie itself.<ref>{{cite web|author=Heigl, Alex|url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20782575,00.html|title=5 Times Philip Seymour Hoffman Was Better Than the Movie|publisher=''People''|date=2 February 2014|accessdate=10 February 2014}}</ref>
In 1997, Hoffman starred opposite [[Mark Wahlberg]], [[Julianne Moore]] and [[Burt Reynolds]] in Anderson's second picture, ''Boogie Nights'', portraying Scotty, a production assistant on a 1970s porn shoot. David Fear of ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' described his character as a "complete, unabashed loser", a "lumpy mouthbreather always lurking on the periphery", and that the most distinguishing thing about him is that he seems "incapable of finding a T-shirt that actually fits his doughy torso."<ref name="RS">{{cite web|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/movies/news/philip-seymour-hoffman-1967-2014-20140202#ixzz2svKrm4ry|title=Philip Seymour Hoffman, 1967-2014|publisher='Rolling Stone''|date=2 February 2014|accessdate=10 February 2013}}</ref> The cast of the film earned major critical acclaim and they won or were nominated for countless awards, although Hoffman himself was not a recipient.
The following year, Hoffman appeared in five films, the first two of which were the crime thriller ''[[Montana (1998 film)|Montana]]'' and the romantic comedy ''[[Next Stop Wonderland]]'', in which he played an activist and the romantic interest of [[Hope Davis]]. He then starred in the [[Joel and Ethan Coen|Coen brothers]]'s ''[[The Big Lebowski]]'' opposite [[Jeff Bridges]] and [[John Goodman]], playing Brandt, the smug personal assistant of [[David Huddleston]]'s wheelchair-bound character. Hoffman had fond memories of working with the Coen brothers. He recalled his auditioning for the film: "I remember having a good time, I think I went in twice. I remember the Coen brothers laughing a lot. I was just kind of enjoying the writing, I remember that. I had a good time with what they wrote and the character. I was worried what I was doing was too much, but I left really feeling good about it."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/movies/news/philip-seymour-hoffman-looks-back-at-the-big-lebowski-20140202|title=Philip Seymour Hoffman Looks Back at 'The Big Lebowski'|publisher=''Rolling Stone''|date=2 February 2014|accessdate=10 February 2014}}</ref> Hoffman has stated that his role as Brandt is one of the roles he is most recognized for, in a film which has achieved cult status with a "huge fan base". Hoffman next starred in [[Todd Solondz]]'s ''[[Happiness (1998 film)|Happiness]]'', a misanthropic comedy picture about the lives of three sisters, their families and those around them. Hoffman's character, Allen, is described by Canadian film scholar [[Murray Pomerance]] as a "pasty, sweating office worker who makes obscene phone calls" and furiously simulates [[masturbation]] and [[ejaculation]] after one of them in an "embarrassingly raw performance".{{sfn|Pomerance|2011|p=111}} Hoffman's performance in ''Happiness'' was so self-degrading and graphically enacted that several film critics and studio bosses began to question Hoffman's career motives and own self-esteem.{{sfn|Pomerance|2011|p=111}} David Thompson considered his performance to be "so good that only the best material is going to help build our sense of him", but remarked that he is a "very dangerous talent at work-astounding, yet so pronounced it could help make its own prison".{{sfn|Pomerance|2011|p=111}} Finally, Hoffman appeared as medical graduate Mitch Roman opposite [[Robin Williams]] and [[Monica Potter]] in [[Tom Shadyac]]'s poorly-received ''[[Patch Adams (film)|Patch Adams]]'', a semi-biographical comedy-drama based on the life story of [[Patch Adams|Dr. Hunter "Patch" Adams]] and the book ''Gesundheit: Good Health is a Laughing Matter''.
{{quote box|width=20em|bgcolor=#c6dbf7|align=right|quote="There is no film... EVER... that has made me think and made me feel and made me question like ''Magnolia''. It made me laugh and cry and squirm and giggle with nervous laughter. Yet, I can't deny that five years later my life is changed because I've seen ''Magnolia''. I sit here at my computer getting goosebumps at the tenderness of Philip Seymour Hoffman".|source=—Film critic Richard Propes on Hoffman's performance in ''Magnolia''.{{sfn|Lundy|Janes|2009|p=957}}}}
In 1999, Hoffman starred opposite [[Robert De Niro]] as [[drag queen]] Rusty Zimmerman in [[Joel Schumacher]]'s [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer|MGM]] release ''[[Flawless (1999 film)|Flawless]]''. Hoffman was praised by critics for his ability to avoid clichés in playing such a role which could have proved disastrous.<ref name="RS"/><ref name="AVC"/> Todd VanDerWerff praised the warmth of his portrayal of Rusty, commenting that "Hoffman’s work is quiet, moving, and humanistic, and it provides the film with a core Schumacher doesn’t remotely earn. No matter; this is another movie worth seeing almost entirely for the titanic work Hoffman does near its center."<ref name="AVC">{{cite web|url=http://www.avclub.com/article/in-flawless-philip-seymour-hoffman-gave-warmth-to--201014|title=In Flawless, Philip Seymour Hoffman gave warmth to a transgender stereotype|publisher=A.V. Club|accessdate=10 February 2014}}</ref> [[Roger Ebert]] highlighted Hoffman as "one of the best new character actors", remarking that he was "able to take a flamboyant role and find the quiet details in it".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/flawless-1999|title=Flawless|publisher=Rogerebert.com|date=29 November 1999|accessdate=10 February 2014}}</ref> Hoffman next played nurse Phil Parma opposite [[Jeremy Blackman]], [[Tom Cruise]] and [[Melinda Dillon]] in Paul Thomas Anderson's drama ''[[Magnolia (film)|Magnolia]]''. He earned considerable critical acclaim for the role, which is described in the book ''Community Health Nursing: Caring for the Public's Health'' as "compassionate, skilled, and devoted" in caring for the dying father, played by [[Jason Robards]].{{sfn|Lundy|Janes|2009|p=957}} Hoffman said of the character: "That's the guy's life and that's his job, and my point was, that doesn't make it any easier. He has a strong understanding of the importance of helping someone die, even though he knows that every time he goes through it, it's going to be painful". [[Jessica Winter]] of the ''[[Village Voice]]'' considered Hoffman to have "delivered one of his most indelible performances, as the emphatic nurse who eases the passing of Jason Robard's agonized patriarch as would a guardian angel".{{sfn|Lundy|Janes|2009|p=957}} Also in 1999, Hoffman played "preppy bully" Freddy Miles who taunts [[Matt Damon]] in [[Anthony Minghella]]'s ''[[The Talented Mr. Ripley (film)|The Talented Mr. Ripley]]'', a film which Hoffman considered to be "as edgy as you can get for a Hollywood movie".<ref name="Publishing1999">{{cite book|title=Out|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=kGIEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA136|date=September 1999|publisher=Here Publishing|page=136|id={{ISSN|10627928}}}}</ref> [[Meryl Streep]], another of Hoffman's cinematic idols, was highly impressed with his performance. She recalled to [[Lynn Hirschberg]] in a 2008 ''[[The New York Times Magazine|New York Times Magazine]]'' interview, "I sat up straight in my seat and said, "Who is that?". I thought to myself: My God, this actor is fearless. He's done what we all strive for – he's given this awful character the respect he deserves, and he's made him fascinating."{{sfn|Pomerance|2011|p=110}}
===Critical acclaim (2000s)===
After a string of prominent supporting roles in successful films of the late 1990s, by this point in his career Hoffman had developed a "knack for leaving an indelible impression" as a supporting player, which David Kamp of ''[[GQ]]'' likened to "discovering a prize in a box of cereal, receiving a bonus, or bumping unexpectedly into an old friend", upon seeing Hoffman pop up in various movies.{{sfn|Pomerance|2011|p=110}} According to Murray Pomerance, as the year 2000 began, "it seemed Hoffman was everywhere, poised on the cusp of stardom".{{sfn|Pomerance|2011|p=109}}
[[File:Philip-Seymour-Hoffman.jpg|thumb|right|Hoffman in 2002 promoting ''[[Punch-Drunk Love]]'']]
Hoffman first gained recognition as a theater actor in 2000 for the [[Off-Broadway]] play ''The Author's Voice'', receiving a [[Drama Desk Award]] nomination for [[Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actor in a Play|Outstanding Featured Actor in a Play]]. On Broadway, Hoffman starred in the 2000 revival of ''[[True West (play)|True West]]'' and the 2003 revival of ''[[Long Day's Journey into Night]]'', both leading to [[Tony Award]] nominations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibdb.com/awardperson.asp?id=70743|title=Philip Seymour Hoffman Awards|publisher=[[Internet Broadway Database]]|accessdate=25 May 2012}}</ref> As a director he garnered acclaim, receiving two [[Drama Desk Award]] nominations for [[Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Director of a Play|Outstanding Director of a Play]]: one for ''[[Jesus Hopped the 'A' Train]]'' in 2001; another for ''Our Lady of 121st Street'' in 2003. Of the difference between acting and directing in a play, Hoffman has said that "the director’s experience is not the real experience...You are the most subjective person in the room. You have no objectivity. You have to take a couple of weeks off and then come back to watch it without telling anyone, and you will see it with different eyes."<ref>{{cite news | last=Stein | first=June | url = http://bombsite.com/issues/103/articles/3103 | title=Philip Seymour Hoffman | work = [[Bomb (magazine)|Bomb]] | date= Spring 2008 | accessdate= 1 August 2011}}</ref>
As an actor, Hoffman went to great lengths to reveal the worst in his characters, and in an interview with [[David Edelstein]] remarked that "I think deep down inside, people understand how flawed they are. I think the more benign you make somebody, the less truthful it is." {{sfn|Pomerance|2011|p=109}} Hoffman established a successful and respected film career playing diverse and idiosyncratic characters in supporting roles, working with a wide variety of directors, including [[Sidney Lumet]], [[Todd Solondz]], the [[Coen Brothers]], [[Spike Lee]], [[Cameron Crowe]], [[David Mamet]], [[Robert Benton]], [[Anthony Minghella]] and Paul Thomas Anderson. He appeared in ''[[The Party's Over (2001 film)|The Party's Over]]'', a documentary about the [[United States presidential election, 2000|2000 U.S. elections]]. Throughout his career he rarely was given a chance to play the lead role. In 2002, however, Hoffman starred as a widower coping with his wife's suicide in ''[[Love Liza]]'', for which his brother, [[Gordy Hoffman]], wrote the screenplay. In 2003, he played the lead role in ''[[Owning Mahowny]]'' as a bank employee who [[embezzle]]s money to feed his [[gambling addiction]].
Hoffman continued to play supporting roles in such films as ''[[Cold Mountain (film)|Cold Mountain]]'', as a carnally obsessed preacher, ''[[Along Came Polly]]'', as [[Ben Stiller]]'s crude, [[wikt:has-been|has-been]] actor buddy Sandy Lyle, and ''[[Mission: Impossible III]]'', as villainous arms dealer Owen Davian. Hoffman received his first [[Primetime Emmy Award]] nomination for the [[HBO]] miniseries ''[[Empire Falls (miniseries)|Empire Falls]]'', but lost to cast-mate Paul Newman. He received a second Emmy Award nomination for the [[Daytime Emmy Awards]] for [[Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer In An Animated Program|Outstanding Performer In An Animated Program]] in his vocal work on ''[[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]]''.
{{quote box|width=20em|bgcolor=#c6dbf7|align=left|quote="No modern actor was better at making you feel sympathy for fucking idiots, failures, degenerates, sad sacks and hangdogs dealt a bum hand by life, even as — no, especially when — he played them with all of their worst qualities front and center. But Philip Seymour Hoffman had a range that seemed all-encompassing, and he could breathe life into any role he took on: a famous author, a globetrotting partyboy aristocrat, a German counterintelligence agent, a charismatic cult leader, a genius who planned games of death in dystopic futures. He added heft to low-budget art films, and nuance and unpredictability to blockbuster franchises. He was a transformative performer who worked from the inside out, blessed with an emotional transparency that could be overwhelming, invigorating, compelling, devastating."|source=—David Fear of ''Rolling Stone'' on Hoffman<ref name="RS"/>}}
In 2005, Hoffman received widespread acclaim for his portrayal of writer [[Truman Capote]] in the film ''[[Capote (film)|Capote]]''. His performance received numerous accolades and awards, including the [[Academy Award for Best Actor]], the [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama]], the [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role|Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture]] and the [[BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role]]. In addition, he was awarded Best Actor by at least ten film critic associations, including the [[National Board of Review]], [[Toronto Film Critics Association|Toronto Film Critics]] and [[Los Angeles Film Critics]].
In 2007, Hoffman appeared alongside [[Marisa Tomei]] and [[Ethan Hawke]] as protagonist Andy Hanson in ''[[Before the Devil Knows You're Dead]]'', a late career return to form for veteran director [[Sidney Lumet]].
He was nominated for the Golden Globe for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for playing [[Gust Avrakotos]], a CIA officer who helps Congressman [[Charlie Wilson (Texas politician)|Charlie Wilson]] support a covert war in Afghanistan in the movie ''[[Charlie Wilson's War]]''. ''New York'' magazine stated: "As Hoffman comes to a boil under Lumet's sympathetic gaze, the movie transcends melodrama and unfolds into tragedy. ... But it's Philip Seymour Hoffman who carries the movie: He has a wily, don't-give-a-shit drive which makes you wish he'd been in Baghdad in 2003".<ref>{{cite book|title=New York|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=E98TAQAAMAAJ|year=2008|publisher=New York Magazine Co.|page=101}}</ref> In 2008, he was nominated for an [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor]] for the same role. The same year he appeared in ''[[Synecdoche, New York]]'', in which he played Caden Cotard, a man who attempts to build a scale replica of New York inside a warehouse for a play, and ''[[Doubt (2008 film)|Doubt]]'', in which he played Father Brendan Flynn, a priest accused of [[child sexual abuse|sexually abusing]] a student. He received [[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor - Motion Picture|Golden Globe]] and [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role - Motion Picture|Screen Actors Guild]] nominations for the latter. He received a second consecutive nomination for the [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor]] for his performance in ''Doubt''.
===2010–death===
[[File:PhilipSeymourHoffmanSept2010 cropped.jpg|thumb|right|Hoffman in September 2010]]
In 2012, Hoffman starred in Paul Thomas Anderson's drama ''[[The Master (2012 film)|The Master]]'', in which he portrayed the charismatic leader of a nascent [[Scientology]]-type movement in [[Second World War|post-war]] America. For this role, he was once again nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor]]. In 2013, he portrayed Plutarch Heavensbee in ''[[The Hunger Games: Catching Fire]]'', the sequel to ''[[The Hunger Games (film)|The Hunger Games]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/09/showbiz/movies/philip-seymour-hoffman-plutarch-catching-fire/index.html|title=Philip Seymour Hoffman cast as Plutarch in 'Catching Fire'|last=Vary|first=Adam B.|date=9 July 2012|publisher=CNN| accessdate=5 August 2012}}</ref>
At the time of his death, Hoffman was filming ''[[The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 2]]'', the final ''The Hunger Games'' movie, and had already completed the majority of his scenes.<ref>{{cite web|last=Stewart|first=Andrew| url=http://variety.com/2014/film/news/philip-seymour-hoffmans-death-will-not-delay-hunger-games-finale-1201083110/|title=Philip Seymour Hoffman Was Nearly Finished Shooting 'Hunger Games'|work=Variety|date=2 February 2014}}</ref> In addition, he was also gearing up for his second directional effort, ''Ezekiel Moss'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/theplaylist/amy-adams-jake-gyllenhaal-join-philip-seymour-hoffman-directed-ezekiel-moss-more-20140201 |title=Amy Adams & Jake Gyllenhaal Join Philip Seymour Hoffman-Directed 'Ezekiel Moss' |publisher=[[Indiewire]] |date=1 February 1 2014 |accessdate=6 February 2014}}</ref> and had filmed a pilot for a series called ''Happyish'', which [[Showtime (TV channel)|Showtime]] had picked up for a full season two weeks before his death.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/philip-seymour-hoffman-series-happyish-limbo-article-1.1601562 |title=Philip Seymour Hoffman's Showtime series 'Happyish' now in limbo after actor's death |work=[[Daily News (New York)]] |accessdate=6 February 2014}}</ref>
In 2012, Hoffman starred as [[Willy Loman]] in the Broadway revival of [[Arthur Miller]]'s ''[[Death of a Salesman]]'' at the [[Ethel Barrymore Theatre]], prompting ''The New York Times'' theater critic, [[Ben Brantley]], to conclude that, "Mr. Hoffman is one of the finest actors of his generation [...] beyond dispute."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://theater.nytimes.com/2012/03/16/theater/reviews/death-of-a-salesman-with-philip-seymour-hoffman.html|title=American Dreamer, Ambushed by the Territory|last=Brantley|first=Ben|date=15 March 2012|work=The New York Times|accessdate=17 May 2012}}</ref> He received his third Tony Award nomination, for [[Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Play|Best Leading Actor in a Play]].
==Death==
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