معاونت:بین الاقوامی اصواتی ابجدیہ برائے سلووین

حرف صحیحs
IPA Letter Tonal
orth.
Examples nearest English equivalent
b b bob bob
d d dan done
Error using {{IPAsym}}: IPA symbol "d̪͡z̪" not found in list c brivec brije1 heads
d͡ʒ ez George
f f film film
ɡ g gora gore
ɣ h vrh drevesa1 Spanish razgo
j j jaz2 yaw
k k kolo cola
l l, lj2 luka Luke
m m morje more
n n, nj2 ne no
ŋ n banka3 bank
p p pet pet
r r robot robot (trilled)
s s stol stole
ʃ š šum shell
t t ti tattoo
Error using {{IPAsym}}: IPA symbol "t̪͡s̪" not found in list c car shorts
t͡ʃ č čaj church
v f filozof Dolar1 van
ʋ v voda van (weaker)
w l, v ł cerkev4 we
x h harfa (Scottish) loch
z z zima zoo
ʒ ž žaba fusion
Combinations of vowels and tone5
Low tone (or "rising") vowels
IPA Letter Stress
orth.
Tonal
orth.6,7
Examples nearest English equivalent
àː a á danes father
ɛ̀ː e ê é zemlja British square
èː é ẹ́ cerkev late
ə̀ è ə̀ sem (stressed) about
ə̀r r ŕ vrba US: verb (trilled)
ìː i í hiša least
ɔ̀ː o ô ó poten more
òː ó ọ́ erotičen goat
ùː u ú trup scoop
High tone (or "falling") vowels
á a à ȁ brat father (shorter)
áː á ȃ grad father
ɛ́ e è ȅ met let
ɛ́ː ê ȇ adverb British square
éː é ẹ̑ kreda late
ə́ è ə̏ pes about
ə́r r ŕ ȓ trg US: verb (trilled)
í i ì ȉ bik list
íː í ȋ list least
ɔ́ o ò ȍ on lot
ɔ́ː ô ȏ alkova more
óː ó ọ̑ pot goat
ǿ ö ö̀ ö̏ [مثال درکار]8 Somewhat like nurse (shorter)
ú u ù ȕ kruh foot
úː ú ȗ romunščina scoop
ý ü ǜ ü̏ Türk8 German Psychologie
Unstressed vowels
a a žena father (shorter)
ɛ e medved let
ə e ə danes about
ər er, r ər, r koder, potrditi US: verb (trilled)
i i biti list
ɔ o potok lot
u u mamut foot
Stress7
IPA Examples explanation
ˈ [ˈsə̀m] Primary stress
^1 In standard Slovenian [d͡z ɣ v] are allophones of /t͡s x f/ that occur before voiced consonants.[1]
^2 Orthographic sequences سانچہ:Anglebracket are pronounced /lj nj rj/ only if a vowel follows, otherwise the /j/ is not pronounced. In the case of سانچہ:Anglebracket it is reflected in the orthography, but for سانچہ:Anglebracket it is not.
^3 [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k g x/.[2][3]
^4 In standard Slovene [w] is an allophone of /v/ (also /l/ in some cases) before consonants and pause.[3] However, it is equally valid to consider it a phoneme because of minimal pairs like pọ̑l "pole" - pọ̑ł "half"
^5 Some scholars[4] have found that vowel length in standard Slovene is no longer distinctive,[3][5][6] and that the only differences in vowel length are that the stressed vowels are longer than the unstressed ones,[5][7] and that stressed open syllables are longer than stressed closed syllables.[5]
^6 Tonic marks are not part of the orthography, but are found in dictionaries, such as "Slovenski pravopis 2001"  Tone marks can also be found on سانچہ:Anglebracket, which signifies the sequence /ər/.
^7 Wherever possible, one should transcribe Slovene with both tonic and stress marks. If the correct tones are unknown, it is acceptable to put only a stress-based transcription.
^8 Present only in loanwords and dialectal words; can be substituted by /ɛ́/ (in case of /ǿ/) and /í/ (in case of /ý/).

References ترمیم

  1. Herrity (2000:16)
  2. Pretnar & Tokarz (1980:21)
  3. ^ ا ب پ Šuštaršič, Komar & Petek (1999:136)
  4. For example Srebot-Rejec (1988) and Šuštaršič, Komar & Petek (1999)
  5. ^ ا ب پ Tatjana Srebot-Rejec۔ "On the vowel system in present-day Slovene" (PDF) 
  6. Srebot-Rejec (1988)
  7. Šuštaršič, Komar & Petek (1999:137)

Bibliography ترمیم