"زمین" کے نسخوں کے درمیان فرق

| refs =<ref name=Aoki>The ultimate source of these figures, uses the term "seconds of UT1" instead of "seconds of mean solar time".—{{cite journal|last=Aoki|first=S.|title=The new definition of universal time|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics|date=1982|volume=105|issue=2|pages=359–61|bibcode=1982A&A...105..359A|last2=Kinoshita|first2=H.|last3=Guinot|first3=B.|last4=Kaplan|first4=G. H.|last5=McCarthy|first5=D. D.|last6=Seidelmann|first6=P. K.}}</ref><ref name=apsis>aphelion = ''a'' × (1 + ''e''); perihelion = ''a'' × (1&nbsp;– ''e''), where ''a'' is the semi-major axis and ''e'' is the eccentricity. The difference between Earth's perihelion and aphelion is 5 million kilometers.</ref><ref name=epoch>All astronomical quantities vary, both [[Secular phenomena|secularly]] and [[تعدد]]. The quantities given are the values at the instant J2000.0 of the secular variation, ignoring all periodic variations.</ref><ref name=hill_radius>For Earth, the [[Hill radius]] is <math>R_H = a\left ( \frac{m}{3M} \right )^{\frac{1}{3}}</math>, where ''m'' is the mass of Earth, ''a'' is an astronomical unit, and ''M'' is the mass of the Sun. So the radius in A.U. is about <math>\left ( \frac{1}{3 \cdot 332,946} \right )^{\frac{1}{3}} = 0.01</math>.</ref><ref name=jaes41_3_379>Including the [[Somali Plate]], which is being formed out of the African Plate. See: {{cite journal|first=Jean|last=Chorowicz|date=October 2005|title=The East African rift system|journal=Journal of African Earth Sciences|volume=43|issue=1–3|pages=379–410|doi=10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.07.019|bibcode = 2005JAfES..43..379C}}</ref><ref name=sidereal_solar>The number of solar days is one less than the number of [[sidereal day]]s because the orbital motion of Earth around the Sun causes one additional revolution of the planet about its axis.</ref><ref name=solar_energy>Aphelion is 103.4% of the distance to perihelion. Due to the inverse square law, the radiation at perihelion is about 106.9% the energy at aphelion.</ref><ref name=surfacecover>Due to natural fluctuations, ambiguities surrounding [[Ice shelf|ice shelves]], and mapping conventions for [[vertical datum]]s, exact values for land and ocean coverage are not meaningful. Based on data from the [[Vector Map]] and [http://www.landcover.org/ Global Landcover] {{wayback|url=http://www.landcover.org/ |date=20150326085837 }} datasets, extreme values for coverage of lakes and streams are 0.6% and 1.0% of Earth's surface. The ice shields of [[انٹارکٹکا]] and [[گرین لینڈ]] are counted as land, even though much of the rock that supports them lies below sea level.</ref><ref name=trench_depth>This is the measurement taken by the vessel ''[[Kaikō]]'' in March 1995 and is believed to be the most accurate measurement to date. See the [[Challenger Deep]] article for more details.</ref>