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سطر 44:
* {{cite journal |last=Gray |first=Thomas |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1892 |month= |title=The Inventors Of The Telegraph And Telephone |journal=Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution |volume= |issue= |pages=639–659 |id= |url=https://books.google.com/?id=tnjfe4vEBGwC&pg=PA639 |accessdate=2009-08-07 |quote=}}
* Pichler, Franz, ''Magneto-Electric Dial Telegraphs: Contributions of Wheatstone, Stoehrer and Siemens'', [[The AWA Review]] vol. 26, (2013).
* Ross, Nelson E. [http://www.telegraph-office.com/pages/telegram.html HOW TO WRITE TELEGRAMS PROPERLY] {{wayback|url=http://www.telegraph-office.com/pages/telegram.html |date=20130131104336 }} The Telegraph Office (1928)
* Wheen, Andrew;— ''DOT-DASH TO DOT.COM: How Modern Telecommunications Evolved from the Telegraph to the Internet'' (Springer, 2011) ISBN 978-1-4419-6759-6
* Wilson, Geoffrey, ''The Old Telegraphs'', Phillimore & Co Ltd 1976 ISBN 0-900592-79-6; us a comprehensive history of the shutter, semaphore and other kinds of visual mechanical telegraphs.
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