"فہرست نسل کشی بلحاظ اموات" کے نسخوں کے درمیان فرق

|[[Genocide of Isaaqs]]{{Refn|group=N|name=Isaaq|The '''Genocide of Isaaqs''' or '''"Hargeisa Holocaust"'''<ref name=journalafrican>{{Cite journal|last=Ingiriis|first=Mohamed Haji|date=2016-07-02|title="We Swallowed the State as the State Swallowed Us": The Genesis, Genealogies, and Geographies of Genocides in Somalia|journal=African Security|volume=9|issue=3|pages=237–58|doi=10.1080/19392206.2016.1208475|issn=1939-2206}}</ref><ref name=aviewfoothills>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=Dd5ngjjVZb8C&pg=PA504&lpg=PA504|title=A View From The Foothills: The Diaries of Chris Mullin|last=Mullin|first=Chris|date=2010-10-01|publisher=Profile Books|isbn=978-1-84765-186-0}}</ref> was the systematic, state-sponsored massacre of [[Isaaq]] civilians between 1988 and 1991 by the [[صومالی جمہوری جمہوریہ]] under the dictatorship of [[محمد سیاد بری]]۔<ref name="Mburu">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=7w8VAQAAIAAJ|title=Past human rights abuses in Somalia: report of a preliminary study conducted for the United Nations (OHCHR/UNDP-Somalia)|last=Mburu|first=Chris|last2=Rights|first2=United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human|last3=Office|first3=United Nations Development Programme Somalia Country|date=2002-01-01}}</ref> The number of civilian deaths in this massacre is estimated to be between 50,000–100,000 according to various sources,<ref name="Peifer1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=tOgOwSXB164C&pg=PA23&lpg=PA23|title=Stopping Mass Killings in Africa: Genocide, Airpower, and Intervention|last=Peifer|first=Douglas C.|date=2009-05-01|publisher=DIANE Publishing|isbn=978-1-4379-1281-4}}</ref><ref name=Dynamics>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=mKWiBwAAQBAJ&pg=PT149|title=Making and Unmaking Nations: The Origins and Dynamics of Genocide in Contemporary Africa|last=Straus|first=Scott|date=2015-03-24|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-5567-4}}</ref><ref name="Jones">{{Cite book| url= https://books.google.com/?id=ZybbAAAAMAAJ | title= Genocide, war crimes and the West: history and complicity|last=Jones|first=Adam|date=2017-01-22|publisher=Zed Books|isbn=978-1-84277-191-4}}</ref> while local reports estimate the total civilian deaths to be upwards of 200,000 Isaaq civilians.<ref name=Somalilanded>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2014/02/investigating-genocide-somaliland-20142310820367509.html|title=Investigating genocide in Somaliland|date=فروری 2014|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=2018-04-16}}</ref> This included the leveling and complete destruction of the second and third largest cities in Somalia, [[هرجيسا]] (90 per cent destroyed)<ref>{{Cite book |title=Somaliland: Time for African Union Leadership | publisher= International Crisis Group | year=2006 |isbn= |url= https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/somaliland-time-for-african-union-leadership.pdf| |page=5 |access-date=2020-09-26 |archive-date=2017-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202071223/https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/somaliland-time-for-african-union-leadership.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> and [[برعو]] (70 per cent destroyed) respectively,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=xbQTEF0rd7wC&pg=PA152|title=Eritrea and Ethiopia: From Conflict to Cooperation|last=Tekle|first=Amare|date=1994-01-01|publisher=The Red Sea Press|isbn=978-0-932415-97-4}}</ref> and had caused 400,000<ref>{{Cite journal|year=|title=Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics|url=https://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSOMALIA/Resources/conflictinsomalia.pdf|page=10}}</ref><ref name="robertpress">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=-s0VcsSW2rAC&pg=PA154|title=The New Africa: Dispatches from a Changing Continent|last=Press|first=Robert M.|date=1999-01-01|publisher=University Press of Florida|isbn=978-0-8130-1704-4}}</ref> Somalis (primarily of the Isaaq clan) to flee their land and cross the border to Hartasheikh in Ethiopia as refugees, creating the world's largest refugee camp then (1988)، <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=WV0TAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA57&lpg=PA57|title=The Early Morning Phonecall: Somali Refugees' Remittances|last=Lindley|first=Anna|date=2013-01-15|publisher=Berghahn Books|isbn=978-1-78238-328-4|language=en}}</ref> with another 400,000 being internally displaced.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gajraj|first1=Priya|title=Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics|date=2005|publisher=World Bank|page=10|url=https://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSOMALIA/Resources/conflictinsomalia.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=52m9OsGODRUC&pg=PA227|title=Racism and Ethnicity: Global Debates, Dilemmas, Directions|last=Law|first=Ian|date=2010-01-01|publisher=Longman|isbn=978-1-4058-5912-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Africa Watch|journal=Volume 5|date=1993|page=4}}</ref> In 2001, the [[اقوام متحدہ]] commissioned an investigation on past human rights violations in Somalia,<ref name="Mburu" /> specifically to find out if "crimes of international jurisdiction (i.e. war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide) had been perpetrated during the country's civil war"۔ The investigation was commissioned jointly by the [[اقوام متحدہ]] Co-ordination Unit (UNCU) and the [[اقوام متحدہ کے اعلیٰ کمشنر برائے انسانی حقوق]]۔ The investigation concluded with a report confirming the crime of genocide to have taken place against the Isaaqs in Somalia.<ref name="Mburu" />}}

|The ''[[Sook Ching]]''{{Refn|group=N|name=Hainan|During the [[دوسری جنگ عظیم]]، the '''''Sook Ching'''''، a systematic purge during the [[Japanese occupation of Singapore]] and [[Japanese occupation of Malaya|Malaya]]، was enacted by [[سلطنت جاپان]] to remove hostile elements from the region. Although it mostly targeted those seen as politically dangerous, the ''Sook Ching'' also intended to eliminate [[Hainan people]] and Chinese-born residents<ref>[http://www.yale.edu/gsp/publications/WaiKeng.doc WaiKeng Essay] {{wayback|url=http://www.yale.edu/gsp/publications/WaiKeng.doc |date=20150201161449 }} 'Justice Done? Criminal and Moral Responsibility Issues in the Chinese Massacres Trial Singapore, 1947'<br />Genocide Studies Program. Working Paper No. 18, 2001. Wai Keng Kwok, Branford College/ Yale university</ref> and thus can be considered an act of genocide.}}