"چین–ریاستہائے متحدہ تجارتی جنگ" کے نسخوں کے درمیان فرق

لائٹائزر نے کہا کہ لگائے گئے نرخوں کی مالیت امریکہ کے دانشورانہ املاک اور غیر ملکی ملکیت کی پابندیوں کی مبینہ چوری کے نتیجے میں ہونے والے حقیقی معاشی نقصان کے اندازوں پر مبنی ہے جس کے لئے غیر ملکی کمپنیوں کو ٹکنالوجی کی منتقلی کی ضرورت ہے۔ اس طرح کے مشترکہ منصوبے چینی کمپنیوں کو امریکی ٹکنالوجی تک غیر قانونی رسائی فراہم کرتے ہیں{{#tag:ref|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-01/u-s-says-china-state-owned-co-stole-micron-trade-secrets|title=China State-Owned Company Charged With Micron Secrets Theft|last1=McLaughlin|first1=David|last2=Strohm|first2=Chris Strohm|date=November 1, 2018|website=[[بلومبرگ نیوز]]|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=December 5, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/tech/china-is-using-economic-espionage-and-theft-to-grab-us-technology|title=China is using 'economic espionage' and 'theft' to grab US technology|last=Ciaccia|first=Chris|date=2018-11-29|website=[[Fox News]]|language=en-US|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2018-12-05}}</ref><ref name="InnovationWall">{{cite journal|url=http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/66753/adam-segal/chinas-innovation-wall|title=China's Innovation Wall|journal=Foreign Affairs|date=January 16, 2019|last1=Segal|first1=Adam}}</ref><ref>{{unbulleted list|[https://aflcio.org/press/releases/strategic-tariffs-against-china-are-critical-part-trade-reform-create-more-jobs-and "Strategic Tariffs Against China Are Critical Part of Trade Reform to Create More Jobs and Better Pay"], AFL-CIO press release, March 22, 2018|{{Cite web|url=https://thehill.com/blogs/pundits-blog/international-affairs/346806-trump-takes-aim-at-chinas-bad-intellectual-property|title=Trump takes aim at China's bad intellectual property practices|date=2017-08-16|website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}|{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china/some-u-s-businesses-urge-caution-in-china-intellectual-property-trade-push-idUSKBN1CF2OV|title=Some U.S. businesses urge caution in China intellectual property trade push|last=Schneider|first=Howard|access-date=2019-05-26|publisher=Reuters|location=Washington|date=2017-10-10}}|{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/10/us/politics/china-spy-espionage-arrest.html|title=Chinese Officer Is Extradited to U.S. to Face Charges of Economic Espionage|last=Benner|first=Katie|date=2018-10-10|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-05-31|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}|{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/20/us/politics/us-and-other-nations-to-announce-china-crackdown.html|title=U.S. Accuses Chinese Nationals of Infiltrating Corporate and Government Technology|last1=Sanger|first1=David E.|date=2018-12-20|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-05-31|last2=Benner|first2=Katie|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}|{{cite web|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-biz-us-china-trade-war-ip-theft-20190221-story.html|title=Here are 5 cases where the U.S. says Chinese companies and workers stole American trade secrets|last=Liedtke|first=Paul Wiseman and Michael|website=Chicago Tribune|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jan/23/china-stealth-fighter-us-technology|title=Chinese stealth fighter jet may use US technology|date=23 January 2011|website=[[دی گارڈین]]}}|{{cite web|url=https://freebeacon.com/national-security/china-hacked-f22-f35-jet-secrets/|title=China Hacked F-22, F-35 Stealth Jet Secrets|date=24 March 2016|website=[[Washington Free Beacon]]}}|{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/11/08/chinese-theft-of-sensitive-us-military-technology-still-huge-problem.html|title=Chinese theft of sensitive US military technology is still a 'huge problem,' says defense analyst|date=8 November 2017|website=[[CNBC]]}}|{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/10/10/656280811/u-s-charges-alleged-chinese-government-spy-with-stealing-u-s-trade-secrets|title=U.S. Charges Alleged Chinese Government Spy With Stealing U.S. Trade Secrets|date=10 October 2018|website=[[این پی ار]]}}|{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/china-stole-us-military-secrets-2013-5|title=PENTAGON: Chinese Hackers Have Stolen Data From 'Almost Every Major US Defense Contractor'|date=7 May 2013|website=Business Insider}}|{{cite web|url=https://www.heritage.org/defense/commentary/chinese-hackers-stole-us-weapons-system-designs|title=Chinese Hackers Stole U.S. Weapons System Designs|date=12 June 2013|website=[[The Heritage Foundation]]}}|{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/chinas-mysterious-predator-clone-is-finally-out-in-the-open-2012-11|title=China's Mysterious Predator Clone Is Finally Out In The Open|date=8 November 2012|website=[[Business Insider]]}} }}</ref><ref name="Grassley">{{Cite web|url=https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/grassley-on-chinese-espionage-its-called-cheating_and-its-only-getting-worse|title=Grassley on Chinese Espionage: It's called cheating. 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[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2010-07-01/andy-grove-how-america-can-create-jobs "Andy Grove: How America Can Create Jobs"], ''Bloomberg News'', July 1, 2010</ref><ref name="Andy Grove NYT">[https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/26/opinion/andy-groves-warning-to-silicon-valley.html "Andy Grove’s Warning to Silicon Valley"], ''New York Times'', March 26, 2016.</ref><ref name=piie>{{cite web|url=https://piie.com/system/files/documents/pb18-13.pdf|title=China's Forced Technology Transfer Problem— And What to Do About It|last=Branstetter|first=Lee G.|date=June 2018|website=www.piie.com|access-date=|archive-date=2021-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210215015817/https://piie.com/system/files/documents/pb18-13.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/30/us/politics/justice-department-china-espionage.html|title=Chinese Intelligence Officers Accused of Stealing Aerospace Secrets|date=30 October 2018|website=New York Times}}</ref><ref name="nytimes.com" />}}۔

تجارتی جنگ کے دوران دنیا بھر میں معاشی نمو کم ہوئی ہے۔ <ref name="global markets take fright">{{حوالہ ویب|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/aug/02/global-markets-take-fright-as-trump-ramps-up-us-china-trade-war|title=Global markets take fright as Trump ramps up US-China trade war|last=Partington|first=Richard|date=2 August 2019}}</ref> انٹرنیشنل مانیٹری فنڈ کی عالمی اقتصادی آؤٹ لک کی رپورٹ نے اپریل 2019 میں جاری کی گئی 2019 کے لئے عالمی معاشی نمو کی پیش گوئی کو 2018 میں متوقع 3.6 فیصد سے کم کرکے 3.3 فیصد کردیا ، اور کہا کہ معاشی اور تجارتی رکاوٹوں سے عالمی معاشی نمو کو مزید روکنا اور سرمایہ کاری کو کمزور کرنا جاری رہ سکتا ہے۔ <ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2019/03/28/world-economic-outlook-april-2019|title=World Economic Outlook, April 2019 Growth Slowdown, Precarious Recovery|last=|first=|date=|website=|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=}}</ref> کیپیٹل اکنامکس کے مطابق ، تجارتی جنگ کے نتیجے میں چین کی معاشی نمو کم ہوئی ہے ، حالانکہ مجموعی طور پر چینی معیشت "اچھی طرح سے برقرار رہی ہے" ، اور عالمی برآمدات میں چین کا حصہ بڑھ گیا ہے۔ <ref>{{حوالہ ویب|url=https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/china-exports-share-gains-on-weak-renminbi-asia-shipments-blunt-trump-tariffs-1028483675|title=China is blunting the blows of Trump's trade war and just grabbed an even bigger share of global exports|last=Khan|first=Yusuf|date=August 29, 2019|access-date=2020-09-17|archive-date=2020-10-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005183335/https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/china-exports-share-gains-on-weak-renminbi-asia-shipments-blunt-trump-tariffs-1028483675|url-status=dead}}</ref> {{Better source|date=June 2020}} امریکی معاشی نمو بھی سست ہوگئی ہے۔