"فہرست نسل کشی بلحاظ اموات" کے نسخوں کے درمیان فرق

|[[Genocide of indigenous peoples in Brazil]]{{Refn|group=N|name=Brazi|The process that has been described as the '''genocide of indigenous peoples in Brazil''' began with the [[Portuguese colonization of the Americas]]، when [[پیڈرو ایلواریس کیبرل]] made landfall in what is now the country of Brazil in 1500. This started the process that led to the depopulation of the [[indigenous peoples in Brazil]]، because of disease and violent treatment by European settlers, and their gradual replacement with colonists from Europe and Africa. Over eighty indigenous tribes were destroyed between 1900 and 1957, and the overall indigenous population declined by over eighty percent, from over one million to around two hundred thousand. The [[آئین]] recognises indigenous peoples' right to pursue their traditional ways of life and to the permanent and exclusive possession of their "traditional lands"، which are demarcated as [[Indigenous territory (Brazil)|Indigenous Territories]]۔<ref name="constitution">{{cite book | title= Federal Constitution of Brazil | chapter-url= http://www.v-brazil.com/government/laws/titleVIII.html | chapter= VII | volume= Article 231 | access-date= 2020-09-26 | archive-date= 2011-01-01 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110101070441/http://www.v-brazil.com/government/laws/titleVIII.html | url-status= dead}}</ref> In practice, however, Brazil's indigenous people still face a number of external threats and challenges to their continued existence and cultural heritage.<ref name="US DoS">{{cite web|title=2008 Human Rights Report: Brazil|url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/wha/119150.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226174902/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/wha/119150.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 فروری 2009|publisher=United States Department of State: Bureau for Democracy, Human Rights and Labor|accessdate=24 مارچ 2011|date=25 فروری 2009}}</ref> The process of demarcation is slow—often involving protracted legal battles—and [[Fundação Nacional do Índio|FUNAI]] do not have sufficient resources to enforce the legal protection on indigenous land.<ref name="ISA Intro">{{cite web|title=Indigenous Lands{{Spaced ndash}} Introduction{{Spaced ndash}} About Lands|url=http://pib.socioambiental.org/en/c/terras-indigenas/introducao/o-que-sao-terras-indigenas|work=Povos Indígenas no Brasil|publisher=Instituo Socioambiental (ISA)|accessdate=24 مارچ 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110127162647/http://pib.socioambiental.org/en/c/terras-indigenas/introducao/o-que-sao-terras-indigenas|archive-date=27 جنوری 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="US DoS" /><ref>{{cite web|last=Borges|first=Beto|last2=Combrisson|first2=Gilles|title=Indigenous Rights in Brazil: Stagnation to Political Impasse|url=http://saiic.nativeweb.org/brazil.html|publisher=South and Meso American Indian Rights Center|accessdate=24 مارچ 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Schwartzman|first=Stephan|last2=Valéria Araújo|first2=Ana|last3=Pankararú|first3=Paulo|title=Brazil: The Legal Battle Over Indigenous Land Rights|journal=NACLA Report on the Americas|year=1996|volume=29|issue=5|pages=36–43|url=https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=95702149|accessdate=24 مارچ 2011|doi=10.1080/10714839.1996.11725759|archive-date=2010-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100420055859/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Brazilian Indians 'win land case'|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/7774895.stm|accessdate=24 مارچ 2011|newspaper=BBC News|date=11 دسمبر 2008}}</ref>}}