"کاغذی کرنسی" کے نسخوں کے درمیان فرق

| 1948ء || [[چیانگ کائی شیک]] || چین<ref>[https://mises.org/power-market/hyperinflation-civil-war-china Hyperinflation in Civil War China]</ref>

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| 1966ء || || برطانیہ<ref name="Gold Confiscation"/>

بریٹن ووڈز کا معاہدہ ٹوٹنے<!-- The Bretton Woods Agreement was, for all intents and purposes, annulled. --><ref>{{Cite web |title=Triffin Warned Us |url=https://realinvestmentadvice.com/triffin-warned-us/ |access-date=2022-10-26 |archive-date=2021-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220131347/https://realinvestmentadvice.com/triffin-warned-us/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> کے بعد ہر ملک کو اپنی مرضی کے مطابق کاغذی کرنسی چھاپنے کا اختیار مل گیا۔<!-- . In any event, by the early 1970s the U.S. felt that it could no longer sustain its traditional position as essentially international banker, which was codified in the Bretton Woods agreements at the end of the Second World War. Nixon dismantled that system. That led to a period of tremendous growth in unregulated financial capital. It was accelerated by the short-term rise in commodity prices, which led to a huge flow of petrodollars into the now largely unregulated international system. -->

<!-- The 1970s are an imperfect analogy, but they have one crucial aspect in common with today: the monetization of large fiscal deficits. Runaway inflation is almost always preceded by large government borrowing financed by the central bank. --><ref>[https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/inflation-play-three-acts Inflation: A Play In Three Acts]</ref>

currency reserves was seven times larger than the SDRs created during these three years.

During 1973, international reserves expanded by a further $24 billion.(10) So even before the sharp increase in oil prices in the last quarter of 1973, a phenomenally large expansion had taken place in international reserves, nine—

* ہارڈ کرنسی (زر کثیف) کا نظام شفاف ہوتا ہے۔ Fiat کرنسی (زر فرمان) کا نظام جان بوجھ کر نہایت پیچیدہ اور غیر شفاف بنایا گیا ہے۔<!-- Authoritarians hate well-defined words. --> [[زر فرمان]] درحقیقت ایک [[پونزی اسکیم]] ہے۔<!-- The entire system is a Ponzi scheme... The government of the reserve currency of the world has to borrow a trillion dollars a year to stay solvent. That’s ridiculous.” --><ref>[https://usawatchdog.com/ Save Dollar or Financial System, Not Both – Bill Holter]</ref> مالیات کی دنیا میں ہر مہینے چند نئی اصطلاحات کا اضافہ ہو جاتا ہے جن کا مطلب پوری طرح سمجھتے سمجھتے لوگوں کو کئی سال لگ جاتے ہیں۔

:"جب کرنسی سے متعلق قوانین غیر واضح ہوں اور بار بار تبدیل ہوتے رہیں تو ایسی کرنسی پنپ نہیں سکتی"

* سینٹرل بینکنگ کا بنیادی اصول یہ ہے کہ جو قرض لے کر سب سے طاقتور فوج بنا سکتا ہے اُسے قرض واپس کرنے کی کبھی ضرورت نہیں پڑتی۔ متحدہ امریکا کا فوجی بجٹ چین، انڈیا، روس، سعودی عرب، فرانس، جرمنی، برطانیہ، جاپان، جنوبی کوریا اور برازیل کے مجموعی بجٹ کے برابر ہے۔<!-- the U.S. military which has a budget equal to that of China, India, Russia, Saudi Arabia, France, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, South Korea, and Brazil – combined. --><ref>[https://www.zerohedge.com/news/2020-11-06/warning-us-becoming-banana-republic Warning, the U.S. is Becoming a Banana Republic]</ref>

* ہارڈ کرنسی کے پیچھے کوئی دھونس دھمکی نہیں ہوتی اس لیے یہ دائمی ہوتی ہے۔ زر فرمان کے پیچھے ہمیشہ فوجی طاقت ہوتی ہے اس لیے یہ عارضی ہوتی ہے کیونکہ ہر فوج کو کبھی نہ کبھی زوال آتا ہے۔

* یورپ کی سب سے بڑی مالیاتی ایجاد یہ تھی کہ 1960 کی دہائی میں حکومتوں کو مالیاتی مارکیٹ (monetary market) سے بالکل جدا کر دیا جس سے بینکوں کو بڑی آزادی ملی۔ یہ صحیح معنوں میں [[گلوبلائزیشن]] کی ابتدا تھی۔<!-- Nevertheless, leaks of short term capital from Britain in 1958 contributed to the launching of the most important financial innovation in Europe. This innovation emphasized the divorce between the market (managed by banks) and the state. This was the Eurodollar market in London, soon followed by the Eurobond market in 1963......This was the true beginning of globalisation...... --><ref>[https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=zUYo_gpyzGUC&pg=PA1998&lpg=PA1998&dq The Common Market : Towards European Integration of Industrial and Financial Markets? (1958–1968) By Régine Perron]</ref>

:“Globalism” is not simply international trade or commerce. Globalism is global governance. Governance is rule.<ref>[https://www.zerohedge.com/news/2018-03-05/retired-green-beret-warns-prepare-war-globalism-socialism-and-communism-versus Retired Green Beret Warns, Prepare For War: 'Globalism, Socialism, And Communism' Versus 'Freedom']</ref>

* غریب کبھی امیر پر حکمرانی نہیں کر سکتا۔ <!-- Government is where the money is. (Willie Sutton) --><!-- As the wealth gap grows wider, so does the power gap. --><ref>[https://www.zerohedge.com/commodities/eternal-relationship-between-gold-and-global-crisis The Eternal Relationship Between Gold And Global Crisis]</ref> کاغذی کرنسی نے سینٹرل بینکرز کو دنیا کے امیر ترین افراد بنا دیا ہے۔ اب یہ دنیا کے پس پردہ حکمران ہیں۔<!-- What we have is government via unelected, unaccountable bankers. --><ref>[https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/krieger-its-systemic-looting-massive-scale Krieger: "It's A Systemic Looting On A Massive Scale"]</ref><!-- In a nutshell, today, in most of the world’s most prominent countries, the people who control banking are the same people who pull the strings in government. --><ref>[https://www.zerohedge.com/crypto/farewell-paper-money A Farewell To Paper Money?]</ref> ہر جمہوریت کی آڑ میں کوئی ڈکٹیٹر چُھپا ہوتا ہے<!-- we are being ruled by an oligarchy disguised as a democracy --><ref>[https://www.zerohedge.com/news/2018-10-24/has-america-become-dictatorship-disguised-democracy Has America Become A Dictatorship Disguised As A Democracy?]</ref><!-- those amongst the populace who wished to rule found a way to game the new system in a way that would allow them to, in effect, be kings, but to do so from behind the scenes, whilst retaining the illusion of democracy. --><ref>[https://www.zerohedge.com/political/democracy-ideal-distraction Democracy Is The Ideal Distraction]</ref> (جیسے آئی ایم ایف)۔ برطانیہ پر دو سو سالوں سے بینک آف انگلینڈ کی حکومت رہی ہے۔<!-- And they who control the credit of a nation, direct the policy of Governments and hold in the hollow of their hands the destiny of the people." --><ref name="DENIS_FAHEY"/> وہاں بادشاہ یا ملکہ محض نمائیشی ہوتے ہیں۔

:Where democracy had not fallen to dictatorship, it fell to the IMF<ref>[http://fpif.org/liberal-democracy-promotes-inequality/ How Liberal Democracy Promotes Inequality]</ref>