معاونت:پڑھنا لکھنا دشوار؟ (لینکس ک ڈ ع 3)

KDE 3.x

لینکس کے زیر فونٹ کی تنصیب اور اردو کلیدی تختہ مجاز کرنے کی ہدایات

Help on installing fonts and enabling the Urdu keyboard under Linux

فونٹ کی تنصیب Install font

NafeesWebNaskh.ttf زیراثقال کرو اور اسے Desktop راہنامچہ پر (یا کہیں اور) محفوظ کر لو۔ آپ کو NafeesWeb.zip ملف کو unzip کرنا ہو گا۔

Download the font file "NafeesWebNaskh.ttf" from http://crulp.org and save it on the Desktop directory (or somewhere). You will need to unzip the "NafeesWeb.zip" file.

فائل:Kde font installer cc.png

KDE میں control center چلاؤ

Start "Control Center" from the KDE start menu

K (start) / Control Center

Control Center میں System Administration کا انتخاب کرو۔

In the controlCenter left menu bar, expand "system administration" and then click on "Font installer"

System Administration / Font Installer

دائیں جانب نیچے Administrator mode کا بٹن دباؤ اور root کا کلمہ‌شناخت دو۔ اب add fonts کا بٹن دباؤ اور نفیس فونٹ کی ملف "NafeesWebNaskh.ttf" کا Desktop پر سے انتخاب کرو۔

فونٹ نصف کرنے کے بعد تصدیق کے لیے kedit چلاؤ اور اس میں settings میں Nafees یا Nafees Web Naskh فونٹ کا انتخاب کرو اور اردو لکھ کر دیکھو۔ لکھنے کے لیے اردو کلیدی تختہ نصب ہونا ضروری ہے۔ فائرفاکس کا ورژن 3.0 (یا زیادہ) نفیس فونٹ کے کام کرنے کے لیے ہونا ضروری ہے۔

اسی طرح "علوی نستعلیق" فونٹ زِیر اثقال کر کے نصب کرو۔

Click on "Administrator mode" button in the right panel. Give the "root" password at the prompt. Now click on "Add fonts" button. Select the file "NafeesWebNaskh.ttf"
You can check the font in "kedit" by selecting the Nafees font in the "settings" and write with the Urdu keyboard. The "Nafees Web Naskh" font works on Firefox (version 3.0 or later).

In the same fashion, download and install "Alvi Nastaleeq" font.

اردو کلیدی تختہ تنصیب \ Install Urdu keyboard

مرکز تحقیقات اردو کے اردو صوتی کلیدی تختہ کا نقشہ / CRULP phonetic Urdu keyboard layout v1.0
فائل:CRULP Phonetic Urdu Keyboard V1.0 No Shift.png SHIFT کلید کے بغیر	فائل:CRULP Phonetic Urdu Keyboard V1.0 Shift.png SHIFT کلید کے ساتھ

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NOTE: The Urdu keyboard may already be installed in your Linux distro as "pk". In that case skip the following installation steps, and jump to the "Enable Urdu keyboard" section below.

You need root priveleges for the following steps:

Note to Ubuntu Users: Since by default the "root" account is disabled

on Ubuntu, all commands requiring root access have to be preceeded by "sudo" e.g.,
$ sudo gedit /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/xorg.conf

The keyboard configuration file is simply a text file. Get ur_universal (copy/paste into a text editor) and save it as ur_universal.txt in a local directory. Or you can get the file in a terminal as:

wget http://urdutext.cwahi.net/urdutext/ur_universal.txt

Copy this file "ur_universal.txt" in to the directory
/etc/X11/xkb/symbols/
as "ur". Note the filename should be "ur" without any extension. On some distros (Redhat, CentOS) the directory is
/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/
instead. This file contains three layouts:
- phonetic ^[1]
- www.crulp.org, phonetic ^[2]
- www.nla.gov.pk ^[3]

Make an entry for the Urdu keyboard in the file
/etc/X11/xkb/rules/xorg.lst
if you are using X form X.org. Otherwise, the file to edit is
/etc/X11/xkb/rules/xfree86.lst
(in case the X is from Xfree86). In this file, find the section marked

! layout

us US English

......................

And add the following line (if it is not already there):

ur Urdu

Save the file.

Skip the following command-line steps and jump to enabling the layout in KDE or Gnome. If the "ur" layout does not appear in the graphical menu setting there, you can come back to the following later.
Open a terminal (xterm, konsole, etc). And issue the following commands (as root):

# cd /etc/X11/xkb/symbols

 # /usr/X11R6/bin/xkbcomp  -lhlpR  '*'  -o  ../symbols.dir

The keyboard should now appear in the KDE/Gnome control center's keyboard menu, where it can be enabled.

اردو کلیدی تختہ مجاز \ Enable Urdu keyboard

فائل:Kde kbd selection.png

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NOTE: If you are enabling the Urdu keyboard that came with your Linux distro, it would be called "pk" instead of "ur". Thus in the following use "pk" instead of "ur".

The following steps are performed as a normal user. In the KDE control center, on the left sidebar, expand by clicking "Regional & Accessibility." Now pick "Keyboard Layout."

Pick the "ur" Urdu keyboard from the list.
Click ADD.
Click on the "ur" in the "Active layouts pane."
Pick a "layout variant" from the drop-down list (e.g., "phonetic").
Make sure that the "include Latin layout" checkbox is ticked. This will allow the special-key shortcuts like cut/paste CTRL-X, CTRL-V to function with the Urdu layout.
If you are using a fancy keyboard, be sure to choose the

correct "keyboard model" for your keyboard, e.g., "Logitech iTouch."

Click on the "APPLY" button.
Your Urdu keyboard is now all set. A keyboard switch icon should appear in the deskbar.

فائل:Kde kbd switch icon.png

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Make sure that a "third shift key" is enabled for characters on AltGr to work. First check if your right-ALT key already works as the "third shift key." Only if the "right-ALT" key does not work, perform the following.

فائل:Kde kbd third level.png

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In KDE Control Center/Regional &Accessibility/Keyboard layout, under the XKB Options tab, select some keys as "Third level Choosers." In the Figure, the two "Win-keys" are chosen.

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The default KDE kbd switch hotkey combination is "ALT-CTRL-K". You can choose a more convenient alternate combination like "CTRL-MENU" or "ALT-SPACE" in Regional & Accessibility", "keyboard shortcuts", "shortcut schemes", "keyboard".

G

فائل:Kde kbd shortcuts.png

مزید

مزید مدد برائے فونٹ More Help on enforcing proper fonts
Keyboard customization
Wikipedia Urdu Keyboard gadget
کلاوارو Urdu touch typing tutor software

حوالہ جات References

[1] Urdu text phonetic layout

[2] CRULP phonetic layout

[3] MS Windows XP layout (NLA)

[1]

[2]

[3]