سنیکا فالز اجلاس

سنیکا فالز اجلاس عورتوں کے حقوق کا پہلا اجتماع تھا جو سنیکا فالز، نیویارک، امریکا میں منعقد ہوا۔^[1] اس کے اجلاس دو دن یعنی 19 اور 20 جولائی 1848ء کو منعقد ہوئے۔ یہ اجلاس چھ نستوں پر مشتمل تھا، جن میں قانون پر ایک لیکچر اور معاشرے میں عورتوں کے کردار کے حوالے سے کئی مذاکرے شامل تھے۔ الزبیتھ سٹینٹن، لکریشیا موٹ، الزبیتھ ڈبلیو ایم کلنٹاک، امیلیا بلومر نے خطاب کیا۔ جیمز موٹ اور تھامس ایم کلنٹاک نے صدارت کی کیوں کہ اس وقت کسی عورت کا ایسے اجلاس کی سربراہی کرنا عام بات نہ تھی کہ جہان مرد اور عوروتیں دونون موجود ہوں۔ الزبیتھ کیدی سٹینٹس اور کووکر وومن نے دو مضامین جذبوں کا اعلامیہ اور قراردادون کی فہرست پیش کی، تاکہ دستخط کے لیے بھیجنے سے قبل ان پر بحث ہو سکے اور ان مین تبدیلی کی جا سکے۔ خواتین کے ووٹ کے حقوق کے حوالے سے ایک گرما گرم بحث چھڑی، بہت سے لوگ اس کے حق میں نہیں تھے، یہاں تک کہ جمیز موٹ اور لکریشیا موٹ نے بھی اس کی مخالفت کی۔ فریڈرک ڈگلس نے جو کنونشن میں واحد افریقی امریکی شریک تھا، اسے شمال کرنے پر بہت زور دیا اور عورتوں کے ووٹ کے حق کی قرارداد برقرار رہی۔ 300 میں سے 100 نے اس پر دستخط کیے، جنم یں بیشتر خواتین تھیں۔ بعد ازاں 1948ء میں سنیکا فالز اجلاس کی یاد میں الزبیتھ سٹینسن، کیری چیپمین کیٹ اور لکریشیا موٹ کی تصویروں سے سجا ایک ڈاک ٹکٹ جاری کیا گیا۔

مزید دیکھیے ترمیم

حوالہ جات ترمیم

حواشی

↑
Dumenil, 2012, p. 56، which says, "The exclusion of women delegates from the London [anti-slavery] convention in 1840 had a decided impact on the events that led to the first women's rights convention, held in Seneca Falls, New York, eight years later… Well before the 1848 convention, reformers had agitated for improved economic and legal rights for women"۔ Other scholarly sources that describe Seneca Falls as "the first women's rights convention" include Wellman, 2004 (the book's title itself include those words); Isenberg, 1998, p. 1; and McMillen, 2008, p. 115۔ No scholarly source describes an earlier meeting as a "women's rights convention"۔ Bonnie S. Anderson, in Joyous Greeting: The First International Women's Movement 1830–1860، Oxford University Press, 2000, makes no mention of an earlier convention in Europe or elsewhere. The Seneca Falls convention was the first that was organized by women explicitly for the purpose of discussing women's rights as such. It was not, however, the first convention at which women's rights were among the topics that were discussed:
- The Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women in 1837 held in New York City, defended the right of women to speak out on the great issues of the day and specifically in opposition to slavery.
In جون 1848, two other conventions included a discussion of the rights of women:
- The Conference of Badasht in Persia, a foundational meeting of the Bábí religion at which قرۃ العین طاہرہ advocated women's rights, supported by محمد علی بارفروشی and the standards set were endorsed by the سید علی محمد باب اور Baháʼu'llah which became norms in the Baháʼí Faith and echo still in Persian culture,
- and the National Liberty Party Convention in New York at which گیرٹ سمتھ said that women should be able to vote.

بیرونی روابط ترمیم

National Park Service. Women's Rights. Report of the Woman's Rights Convention, جولائی 19–20, 1848
Text of the "Declaration of Sentiments"، and the resolutions
Seneca Falls in 1848، National Park Service: Women's Rights

[1] Dumenil, 2012, p. 56، which says, "The exclusion of women delegates from the London [anti-slavery] convention in 1840 had a decided impact on the events that led to the first women's rights convention, held in Seneca Falls, New York, eight years later… Well before the 1848 convention, reformers had agitated for improved economic and legal rights for women"۔ Other scholarly sources that describe Seneca Falls as "the first women's rights convention" include Wellman, 2004 (the book's title itself include those words); Isenberg, 1998, p. 1; and McMillen, 2008, p. 115۔ No scholarly source describes an earlier meeting as a "women's rights convention"۔ Bonnie S. Anderson, in Joyous Greeting: The First International Women's Movement 1830–1860، Oxford University Press, 2000, makes no mention of an earlier convention in Europe or elsewhere. The Seneca Falls convention was the first that was organized by women explicitly for the purpose of discussing women's rights as such. It was not, however, the first convention at which women's rights were among the topics that were discussed:
The Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women in 1837 held in New York City, defended the right of women to speak out on the great issues of the day and specifically in opposition to slavery.
In جون 1848, two other conventions included a discussion of the rights of women:
The Conference of Badasht in Persia, a foundational meeting of the Bábí religion at which قرۃ العین طاہرہ advocated women's rights, supported by محمد علی بارفروشی and the standards set were endorsed by the سید علی محمد باب اور Baháʼu'llah which became norms in the Baháʼí Faith and echo still in Persian culture,

and the National Liberty Party Convention in New York at which گیرٹ سمتھ said that women should be able to vote.

[2] The Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women in 1837 held in New York City, defended the right of women to speak out on the great issues of the day and specifically in opposition to slavery.

[3] The Conference of Badasht in Persia, a foundational meeting of the Bábí religion at which قرۃ العین طاہرہ advocated women's rights, supported by محمد علی بارفروشی and the standards set were endorsed by the سید علی محمد باب اور Baháʼu'llah which became norms in the Baháʼí Faith and echo still in Persian culture,

[4] the National Liberty Party Convention in New York at which گیرٹ سمتھ said that women should be able to vote.

[1]