سانچہ:Cite newsgroup/doc

Citation Style 1 سانچے

{{Cite arXiv}}	arXiv preprint
{{Cite AV media}}	سمعی و بصری
{{Cite AV media notes}}	audio and visual liner notes
{{Cite book}}	کتب
{{Cite conference}}	conference papers
{{Cite DVD notes}}	DVD liner notes
{{Cite encyclopedia}}	edited collections
{{Cite episode}}	radio or television episodes
{{Cite interview}}	interviews
{{Cite journal}}	magazines, journals, academic papers
{{Cite mailing list}}	public mailing lists
{{Cite map}}	نقشہ جات
{{Cite news}}	news articles
{{Cite newsgroup}}	online newsgroups
{{Cite podcast}}	audio or video podcast
{{Cite press release}}	press releases
{{Cite report}}	reports
{{Cite serial}}	سمعی و بصری سلسلہ
{{Cite sign}}	signs, plaques
{{Cite speech}}	تقاریر
{{Cite techreport}}	technical reports
{{Cite thesis}}	مقالات
{{Cite web}}	ویب مآخذ

اس Citation Style 1 سانچے کو citations online newsgroups تخلیق کرنے کے لیے استعمال کریں۔

Usage

Copy a blank version to use. All parameter names must be in lowercase. Use the "|" (pipe) character between each parameter. Delete unused parameters to avoid clutter in the edit window. Some samples may include the current date. If the date is not current, then the page.

Horizontal format

• {{cite newsgroup |title= |author= |date= |newsgroup= |message-id= |url= |access-date=نومبر 13, 2024}}

Vertical format

{{cite newsgroup
 | title =
 | author =
 | date =
 | newsgroup =
 | message-id =
 | url =
 | access-date = 13 نومبر 2024
}}

Examples

{{cite newsgroup | author = Tanenbaum, A. S. | title = LINUX is obsolete | date = January 29, 1992 | newsgroup = comp.os.minix | message-id = 12595@star.cs.vu.nl | quote = I am not unhappy with LINUX }}

{{cite newsgroup | author = A. S. Tanenbaum | title = LINUX is obsolete | date = January 29, 1992 | newsgroup = comp.os.minix | message-id = 12595@star.cs.vu.nl | url = http://groups.google.com/group/comp.os.minix/browse_thread/thread/c25870d7a41696d2/f447530d082cd95d?tvc=2 | access-date = November 27, 2006 }}

• - Uses Google Groups default Message-ID lookup URL

Parameters

Syntax

پیوستہ پیرا میٹر، یہ اپنے اصلی پیرا میٹرز (منبع) پر انحصار کرتے ہیں:

• منبع
• یا: منبع2—اسے منبع کی جگہ استعمال کیا جاسکتا ہے
  • شاخ—کے ساتھ منبع استعمال کیا جا سکتا ہے (اور اگر منبع کا استعمال نہیں کیا جاتا تو اسے نظر انداز کر دیا جاتا ہے)
  • یا: شاخ2—کی بجائے شاخ استعمال کیا جا سکتا ہے (اور اگر منبع2 کا استعمال نہیں کیا جاتا تو اسے نظر انداز کر دیا جاتا ہے)

جہاں عرفی نام درج کر رہے ہوں، صرف پیرامیٹرز میں سے ایک تعریف یوں کی جا سکتی ہے; ایک سے زیادہ عرفی نام پیرامیٹرز کی وضاحت کر رہے ہوں تو، پھر صرف ایک ہی دکھائے گا۔

This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata. See: Wikipedia:COinS. As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:

• Use |date=27 September 2007 not |date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September)

Use of templates within the citation template, is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be rendered in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example  , –, etc, should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata. Do not include Wiki markup '' (italic font) or ''' (bold font) because these markup characters will contaminate the metadata.

COinS metadata is created for these parameters

• |periodical=, |journal=, |newspaper=, |magazine=, |work=, |website=, |encyclopedia=, |encyclopaedia=, |dictionary=
• |chapter=, |contribution=, |entry=, |article=, |section=
• |title=
• |publicationplace=, |publication-place=, |place=, |location=
• |date=, |year=, |publicationdate=, |publication-date=
• |series=, |version=
• |volume=
• |issue=, |number=
• |page=, |pages=, |at=
• |edition=
• |publisher=, |distributor=, |institution=
• |url=
• |chapterurl=, |chapter-url=, |contributionurl=, |contribution-url=, |sectionurl=, |section-url=
• |author#=, |Author#=, |authors#=, |author#-last=, |author-last#=, |last#=, |surname#=
• |"author#-first=, |author-first#=, |first#=, |given#=
• any of the named identifiers (|isbn=, |issn=, |doi=, |pmc=, etc)

By default, sets of fields are terminated with a period (.).

Description

Authors

• last: Surname of a single author. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. For corporate authors or authors for whom only one name is listed by the source, use last or one of its aliases (e.g. |author=Bono). Aliases: surname, author, last1, surname1, author1.
  • author: this parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single author (first and last) or to hold the name of a corporate author. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one author. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead.
  • first: Given or first names of author; for example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. Aliases: given, first1, given1. Requires last; first name will not display if last is empty.
  • OR: for multiple authors, use last1, first1 through lastn, firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors (each firstn requires a corresponding lastn, but not the other way around). See the display parameters to change how many authors are displayed. Aliases: surname1, given1 through surnamen, givenn, or author1 through authorn. For an individual author plus an institutional author, you can use |first1=...|last1=...|author2=....
  • author-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: author-link1, author1-link, authorlink.
  • OR: for multiple authors, use author-link1 through author-linkn. Aliases: author1-link through authorn-link.
  • name-list-style: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to amp, ampersand, or &, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to and, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to vancdisplays name lists in Vancouver style when the lists use the last/first forms of name parameters.
• vauthors: comma-separated list of author names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses. End with etal if appropriate:

  |vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal

  • author-link and author-mask may be used for the individual names in |vauthors= as described above
• authors: Free-form list of author names; use of this parameter is discouraged because it does not contribute to a citation's metadata; not an alias of last.
• translator-last: Surname of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-surname, translator1, translator1-last, translator-last1.
  • translator-first: Given or first names of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-given, translator1-first, translator-first1.
  • OR: for multiple translators, use translator-last1, translator-first1 through translator-lastn, translator-firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of translators (each translator-firstn requires a corresponding translator-lastn, but not the other way around). Aliases: translator1-last, translator1-first through translatorn-last, translatorn-first, or translator1 through translatorn.
  • translator-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: translator-link1, translator1-link.
  • OR: for multiple translators, use translator-link1 through translator-linkn. Aliases: translator1-link through translatorn-link.
• collaboration: Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requires author, last, or vauthors listing one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends "et al." to author name-list.
• Note: When using shortened footnotes or قوسین حوالہ styles with templates, do not use multiple names in one field, or else the anchor will not match the inline link.

Title

(See also Help:Citation Style 1 § Titles and chapters.)

• title: Title of source. Can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in italics. If script-title is defined, use title to hold a Romanization (if available) of the title in script-title.
  • script-title: Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in title (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script:

    ... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja:東京タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ...

  • trans-title: English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after title; if url is defined, then trans-title is included in the link. Use of the language parameter is recommended.

Titles containing certain characters will not display and link correctly unless those characters are encoded.

newline	[	]	|
space	[	]	{{!}} (preferred)
	سانچہ:Bracket		| or {{pipe}} – see also Help:Table § Rendering the pipe

• title-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the source named in title – do not use a web address; do not wikilink.

• newsgroup: Name of newsgroup; a link is automatically created; do not wikilink.

• قسم: ذرائع ابلاغ کے مآخذ کےمتعلق اضافی معلومات مہیا کرتا ہے; جملے کی صورت میں۔ عنوان مندرجہ ذیل قوسین میں دکھاتا ہے۔ مثالیں: مقالات، کتابچہ، سی ڈی لائنر، خبری اعلامیہ۔

• زبان: The language the source is written in, if not English. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name. Use the full language name; do not use templates.

Date

• date: Date of source being referenced. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations. Required when year is used to disambiguate {{sfn}} links to multiple-work citations by the same author in the same year.^{سانچہ:Sfn]} Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after publisher. For acceptable date formats, see Help:Citation Style 1 § Dates.

For approximate year, precede with "c. ", like this: |date=c. 1900.

For no date, or "undated", add as |date=n.d.

• year: Year of source being referenced. Use of |date= is recommended unless all of the following conditions are met:
  1. The template uses |ref=harv, or the template is {{citation}}, or |mode=cs2
  2. The |date= format is YYYY-MM-DD.
  3. The citation requires a CITEREF سانچہ:Sfn.
• orig-year: Original publication year; displays after the date or year. For clarity, please supply specifics. For example: |orig-year=First published 1859 or |orig-year=Composed 1904.
• df: date format; sets rendered dates to the specified format; does not support date ranges or seasonal dates. Accepts one value which may be one of these:

  dmy – set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified;

  mdy – as above for month day, year format

  ymd – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD

  dmy-all – set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format;

  mdy-all – as above for month day, year format

  ymd-all – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD

Series, volume

• series or version: When the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal where the issue numbering has restarted.

• volume: For one publication published in several volumes. Displays after the title and series fields; volume numbers should be entered just as a numeral (e.g. 37). Volume values that are wholly digits, wholly uppercase Roman numerals, or fewer than five characters will appear in bold. Any alphanumeric value of five or more characters will not appear in bold. In rare cases, publications carry both, an ongoing volume and a year-related value; if so, provide them both, for example |volume=IV / #10.

URL

• url: URL of an online location where the text of the publication can be found. Cannot be used if title is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Remove spurious tracking parameters from URLs, e.g. #ixzz2rBr3aO94 or ?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=.... See WP:PAGELINKS. Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as Amazon.com.
  • access-date: Full date when the content pointed to by url was last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requires url; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. Not required for linked documents that do not change. For example, access-date is not required for links to copies of published research papers accessed via DOI or a published book, but should be used for links to news articles on commercial websites (these can change from time to time, even if they are also published in a physical medium). Note that access-date is the date that the URL was checked to not just be working, but to support the assertion being cited (which the current version of the page may not do). Can be hidden or styled by registered editors. Alias: accessdate.
  • archive-url: The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the url becomes unavailable. Typically used to refer to services like WebCite (see Wikipedia:Using WebCite) and انٹرنیٹ آرکائیو (see Wikipedia:Using the Wayback Machine); requires archive-date and url. Alias: archiveurl.
    • archive-date: Date when the original URL was archived; preceded by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates. Do not wikilink. Alias: archivedate.
    • dead-url: When the URL is still live, but pre-emptively archived, then set |dead-url=no. This changes the display order with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end. When the original url has been usurped for the purposes of spam, advertising, or is otherwise unsuitable, setting |dead-url=unfit or |dead-url=usurped will not link to the original url in the rendered citation; |url= is still required. Other accepted values are y, yes, or true. Alias: deadurl.
  • template-doc-demo: The archive parameters will be error checked to ensure that all the required parameters are included, or else {{citation error}} is invoked. With errors, main, help and template pages are placed into one of the subcategories of Category:Articles with incorrect citation syntax. Set |template-doc-demo=true to disable categorization; mainly used for documentation where the error is demonstrated.
• format: Format of the work referred to by url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after title. HTML is implied and should not be specified. Automatically added when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add format information for the visually impaired.

URLs must begin with a supported URI scheme. http:// and https:// will be supported by all browsers; however, ftp://, gopher://, irc://, ircs://, mailto: and news: will require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided. IPv6 host-names are currently not supported.

If URLs in citation template parameters contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to be percent-encoded. For example, a space must be replaced by %20. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with:

sp	"	'	<	>	[	]	{	|	}
%20	%22	%27	%3c	%3e	%5b	%5d	%7b	%7c	%7d

Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.

Additional note: (deprecated; use url) use of googleid= with the Google style id of a posting will automatically generate an appropriate URL. (The Google style-id can be determined by clicking 'Show Original' in the Groups UI. The Google Style id is the number between the "/msg/" and "?dmode=" portions of the URL used to show the original.)

Anchor

• حوالہ: the citation's HTML anchor identifier, when different from its default. When set, |ref=ID generates an anchor with the given ID (the id= attribute in the citation's <cite id="ID"> HTML tag). Setting |ref=ID identifies the template as a target and allows wikilinking to full references, especially useful with short-form citations like ویکیپیڈیا:حوالہ دہی and ویکیپیڈیا:حوالہ دہی. The default anchor ID is suitable for use with {{sfn}} and {{harv}} templates. Since April 2020, the parameter / keyword pair |ref=harv has no special meaning; this deprecated setting should not be used and may be removed from existing cs1|2 templates. To inhibit anchor ID creation, set |ref=none. Aliases: none. See Template:Citation/doc § Anchors for Harvard referencing templates.

Identifiers

• message-id: the newsgroup's message identifier; the value in the message header between angle-brackets < and >; do not include the angle-brackets in |message-id=; must include @.

• id: A unique identifier, used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use an as applicable. For example, |id=NCJ 122967 will append "NCJ 122967" at the end of the citation. You can use templates such as |id={{NCJ|122967}} to append NCJ 122967 instead.

The following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g. |rfc=822 or |pmc=345678.

• arxiv: آرکائیو (سائنس) identifier; for example: |arxiv=hep-th/9205027 (before April 2007) or |arxiv=0706.0001 (April 2007 – December 2014) or |arxiv=1501.00001 (since January 2015). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html". Aliases: eprint.
• asin: Amazon Standard Identification Number; if first character of asin value is a digit, use isbn. Because this link favours one specific distributor, include it only if standard identifiers are not available. Example |asin=B00005N5PF. Aliases: ASIN.
  • asin-tld: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values: معاونت:CS1 errors. Aliases: none.
• bibcode: بب کوڈ; used by a number of astronomical data systems; for example: 1974AJ.....79..819H. Aliases: none.
• biorxiv: bioRxiv id, as in the entire DOI (e.g. 10.1101/078733 for http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733 or https://doi.org/10.1101/078733; 10.1101/2020.07.24.220400 for https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.220400). Aliases: none.
• citeseerx: CiteSeerX id, a string of digits and dots found in a CiteSeerX URL (e.g. 10.1.1.176.341 for http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341). Aliases: none.
• doi: ڈی او آئی; for example: 10.1038/news070508-7. It is checked to ensure it begins with (10.). Aliases: DOI.
  • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid DOIs using a non-standard format, see below.
  • doi-broken: Date a valid DOI was found to be non-working/inactive at https://doi.org. Use the same format as other dates in the article. Aliases: doi-broken-date, doi-inactive-date.
• eissn: بین الاقوامی معیاری سلسلہ نمبر for the electronic media of a serial publication; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space; example |eissn=1557-2986. Aliases: EISSN.
  • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid eISSNs using a non-standard format, see below.
• hdl: Handle System identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet; example |hdl=20.1000/100. Aliases: HDL.
• isbn: بین الاقوامی معیاری کتابی عدد; for example: 978-0-8126-9593-9. (See Wikipedia:ISBN and ISBN § Overview.) Hyphens in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information – usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, use . Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Aliases: ISBN, isbn13, ISBN13.
  • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid ISBNs using a non-standard format, see below.
• ismn: International Standard Music Number; for example: 979-0-9016791-7-7. Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens – and the proper check digit. Aliases: ISMN.
• issn: بین الاقوامی معیاری سلسلہ نمبر; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space; example |issn=2049-3630. Aliases: ISSN.
  • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid ISSNs using a non-standard format, see below.
• jfm: Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik; do not include "JFM" in the value; example |jfm=53.0144.01. Aliases: JFM.
• jstor: جے اسٹور reference number; for example: |jstor=3793107. Aliases: JSTOR.
• LCCN: Library of Congress Control Number. When present, alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case and without a space; example |lccn=79-57364 or |lccn=2004042477 or |lccn=e09001178. Aliases: lccn.
• MR: Mathematical Reviews; example |mr=630583. Aliases: mr.
• OCLC: او سی ایل سی for looking up publications in the WorldCat union catalog; example |oclc=9355469. Aliases: oclc.
• ol: Open Library identifier; do not include "OL" in the value; example |ol=7030731M. Aliases: OL.
• OSTI: Office of Scientific and Technical Information; example |osti=4367507. Aliases: osti.
• PMC: PubMed Central; use article number for open repository full-text of a journal article, e.g. |pmc=345678. Do not include "PMC" in the value. See also the PMID parameter, below; these are two different identifiers.. Aliases: pmc.
  • embargo: Date that PMC goes live; if this date is in the future, then PMC is not linked until that date. Aliases: none.
• PMID: پب میڈ; use unique identifier; example |pmid=17322060 See also the PMC parameter, above; these are two different identifiers. Aliases: pmid.
• RFC: Request for Comments; example |rfc=3143. Aliases: rfc.
• : بین الاقوامی معیاری کتابی عدد; example |sbn=356-02201-3. Aliases: .
  • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid SBNs using a non-standard format, see below.
• SSRN: Social Science Research Network; example |ssrn=1900856. Aliases: ssrn.
• : Semantic Scholar corpus ID; example |s2cid=37220927. Aliases: .
• ZBL: Zentralblatt MATH; example |zbl=0472.53010 For zbMATH search results like JFM 35.0387.02 use |jfm=35.0387.02. Aliases: zbl.

In very rare cases, valid identifiers (f.e., as actually printed on publications) do not follow their defined standard format or use non-conforming checksums, which would typically cause an error message to be shown. Do not alter them to match a different checksum. In order to suppress the error message, some identifiers (|doi=, |eissn=, |isbn=, |issn=, and |sbn=) support a special accept-this-as-written markup which can be applied to disable the error-checking (as |<param>=((<value>))). If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message.

For some identifiers, it is possible to specify the access status using the corresponding |<param>-access= parameter.

For {{cite journal}}, some identifiers (specifying free resources) will automatically be linked to the title when |url= and |title-link= are not used to specify a different link target. This behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for |title-link= to manually select a specific source (|title-link=pmc or |title-link=doi) for auto-linking or to disable the feature (|title-link=none).

It is not necessary to specify a URL to a link identical to a link also produced by an identifier. The |url= parameter (or |title-link=) can then be used for providing a direct deep link to the corresponding document or a ویکیپیڈیا:حوالہ دہی to a resource that would not otherwise be obviously accessible.

Quote

• quote: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes. When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote must include terminating punctuation. If script-quote is defined, use quote to hold a Romanization (if available) of the text in script-quote.
  • script-quote: Original quotation for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in quote (if available). Alias: none. Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script:

    ... |quote=Tōkyō tawā |script-quote=ja:東京タワー |trans-quote=Tokyo Tower ...

  • trans-quote: English translation of the quotation if the source quoted is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets. Alias: none.
• quote-page: The number of a single page quoted in |quote=. Use either |quote-page= or |quote-pages=, but not both. Should be a subset of the page(s) specified in |page=, |pages= or |at=. Displays preceded by p. unless |no-pp=yes. If hyphenated, use {{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. |quote-page=3{{hyphen}}12). Alias: none.
• OR: quote-pages: A list or range of pages quoted in |quote=. Use either |quote-page= or |quote-pages=, but not both. Should be a subset of the pages specified in |pages= or |at=. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,). Displays preceded by pp. unless |no-pp=yes is defined. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value of |quote-pages= without processing it, and use {{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: |quote-pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15)). Alias: none.

Lay summary

• lay-url: URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source; the URL title is set to "Lay summary".
  • lay-source: Name of the source of the lay summary. Displays in italics and preceded by a spaced endash.
  • lay-date: Date of the lay summary. Displays in parentheses.
  • lay-format: File format of the work referred to by lay-url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after lay summary. HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. See Using |format=

Display options

• author-mask: Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text. Set author-mask to a numeric value n to set the dash n em spaces wide; set author-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". You must still include the values for all authors for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as Shortened footnotes. Do not use in a list generated by {{reflist}}, <references /> or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed.
• author-name-separator: Controls the separator between last and first names; defaults to a comma and space (, ); if the parameter is present, but blank, no separator punctuation will be used; a space must be encoded as   do not use an asterisk (*), colon (:) or hash (#) as they will be interpreted as wikimarkup.
• author-separator: Controls the separator between authors; defaults to a semicolon and space (; ); if the parameter is present, but blank, no separator punctuation will be used; a space must be encoded as   do not use an asterisk (*), colon (:) or hash (#) as they will be interpreted as wikimarkup.
• display-authors: Controls the number of author names that are displayed when a citation is published. To control the displayed number of author names, set display-authors to the desired number. For example, |display-authors=2 will display only the first two authors in a citation. By default, the only the first eight cited authors are displayed; subsequent authors beyond eight are represented in the published citation by "et al." If a citation contains nine author names and one wishes all nine author names to display, "et al." may be suppressed by setting |display-authors=9. Aliases: displayauthors.

• lastauthoramp: Switches the separator between the last two names of the author list to space ampersand space ( & ) when set to any value. Example: |lastauthoramp=yes
• postscript: Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (.); if the parameter is present, but blank, no terminating punctuation will be used. Ignored if quote is defined.
• separator: Controls the punctuation used to separate lists of authors, editors, etc. Defaults to a period (.); if the parameter is present, but blank, no separator punctuation will be used; a space must be encoded as   do not use an asterisk (*), colon (:) or hash (#) as they will be interpreted as wikimarkup.

Link icons

Link icons are not created by this template, but by CSS; see Help:External link icons.

TemplateData

ذیل میں اس سانچہ کی معلومات سانچہ دستاویز درج ہے جنہیں بصری خانہ ترمیم اور دیگر آلات استعمال کرتے ہیں۔

معلومات سانچہ Cite newsgroup

Formats citation of the Newsgroup Template

محددات سانچہ[انتظام TemplateData]

This template prefers inline formatting of parameters.

پیرامیٹر		وضاحت	طرز	حالت
URL	url URL	The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found	اِسٹرنگ	تجویز کردہ
Source title	title	The title of the source page on the website; displays in quotes	اِسٹرنگ	مطلوب
Last name	last last1 author author1 authors	The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'.	Unknown	تجویز کردہ
First name	first first1	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'.	Unknown	تجویز کردہ
Source date	date	Full date of the source; do not wikilink	اِسٹرنگ	تجویز کردہ
Publisher	publisher	Name of the publisher; displays after title	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
News Group	newsgroup	Name of newsgroup; a link is automatically created; do not wikilink.	اِسٹرنگ	تجویز کردہ
Last name 2	last2 author2	The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link2'.	Unknown	اختیاری
First name 2	first2	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink.	Unknown	اختیاری
Vauthors	vauthors	comma separated list of author names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses	سطر	اختیاری
Others	others	Used to record other contributions to the work, such as 'Illustrated by John Smith' or 'Translated by John Smith'	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Year of publication	year	Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Editor last name	editor-last editor1-last editor editors	The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors.	سطر	اختیاری
Editor first name	editor-first editor1-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-first'	سطر	اختیاری
Editor link	editor-link editor1-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors	صفحہ	اختیاری
Translator Last Name	translator-last translator1 translator1-last translator-last1	Surname of translator. Do not wikilink	سطر	اختیاری
Translator First Name	translator-first translator1-first translator-first1	Given or first names of translator. Do not wikilink	سطر	اختیاری
Translator Link	translator-link translator-link1 translator1-link.	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink.	صفحہ	اختیاری
Translator Last Name 2	translator2-last translator-last2	Surname of second Translator	سطر	اختیاری
Translator First Name 2	translator2-first translator-first2	Given or first names of second translator. Do not wikilink	سطر	اختیاری
Translator Link 2	translator2-link translator-link2	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink.	سطر	اختیاری
Issue	issue number	Issue identifier when the source is part of a series that is published periodically	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Department	department	Department within the periodical	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Location of publication	location	Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place; alias of 'place'	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Place of publication	publication-place	Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at'	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Publication date	publication-date	Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Agency	agency	The news agency (wire service) that provided the content; examples: Associated Press, Reuters, Agence France-Presse	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Edition	edition	When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed with ' ed.'	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Volume	volume	For one publication published in several volumes	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Page	page	Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.'	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Pages	pages	Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.'	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
No pp	no-pp	Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover')	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
At	at	May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Language	language	The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name; do not use icons or templates	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Script title	script-title	For titles in languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc). Prefix with two-character ISO639-1 language code followed by a colon. For Japanese use: |script-title=ja:...	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Translated title	trans-title	An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Type	type	Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Format	format	Format of the work referred to by 'url'; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
arXiv identifier	arxiv	An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
ASIN	asin	Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
ASIN TLD	asin-tld	ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Bibcode	bibcode	Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
DOI	doi	Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
DOI broken date	doi-broken-date	The date that the DOI was determined to be broken	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
ISBN	isbn	International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
ISSN	issn	International Standard Serial Number; 8 characters; may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
jfm code	jfm	Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
JSTOR	jstor	JSTOR identifier	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
LCCN	lccn	Library of Congress Control Number	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
MR	mr	Mathematical Reviews identifier	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
OCLC	oclc	Online Computer Library Center number	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
OL	ol	Open Library identifier	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
OSTI	osti	Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
PMC	pmc	PubMed Center article number	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
PMID	pmid	PubMed Unique Identifier	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
RFC	rfc	Request for Comments number	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
SSRN	ssrn	Social Science Research Network	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Zbl	zbl	Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Message ID	message-id	the newsgroup's message identifier; the value in the message header between angle-brackets < and >; do not include the angle-brackets in |message-id=; must include @	اِسٹرنگ	تجویز کردہ
id	id	A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Quote	quote	Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; needs to include terminating punctuation	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Ref	ref	An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv and sfn templates	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Postscript	postscript	The closing punctuation for the citation; ignored if 'quote' is defined; to suppress use reserved keyword 'none' طے شدہ .	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Last name 3	last3 author3	The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link3'.	Unknown	اختیاری
First name 3	first3	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink.	Unknown	اختیاری
Last name 4	last4 author4	The surname of the fourth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link4'.	Unknown	اختیاری
First name 4	first4	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth author; don't wikilink.	Unknown	اختیاری
Last name 5	last5 author5	The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link5'.	Unknown	اختیاری
First name 5	first5	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink.	Unknown	اختیاری
Last name 6	last6 author6	The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link6'.	Unknown	اختیاری
First name 6	first6	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink.	Unknown	اختیاری
Last name 7	last7 author7	The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link7'.	Unknown	اختیاری
First name 7	first7	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink.	Unknown	اختیاری
Last name 8	last8 author8	The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link8'.	Unknown	اختیاری
First name 8	first8	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink.	Unknown	اختیاری
Last name 9	last9 author9	The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link9'. If nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last author.	Unknown	اختیاری
First name 9	first9	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink.	Unknown	اختیاری
Author mask	author-mask	Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Display authors	display-authors	number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used;	عدد	اختیاری
Author link	author-link author-link1 author1-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors	صفحہ	اختیاری
Author link 2	author-link2 author2-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author. (Up to nine authors can be listed, 3-9 are toward the end of the parameter list)	صفحہ	اختیاری
Archive URL	archive-url	The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archivedate'	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Archive date	archive-date	Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
URL status	url-status	If set to 'live', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Lay URL	lay-url	URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Lay source	lay-source	Name of the source of the lay-url; displays in italics, preceded by an en dash	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Lay date	lay-date	Date of the summary; displays in parentheses	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Author link 3	author-link3 author3-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author.	صفحہ	اختیاری
Author link 4	author-link4 author4-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth author.	صفحہ	اختیاری
Author link 5	author-link5 author5-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth author.	صفحہ	اختیاری
Author link 6	author-link6 author6-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author.	صفحہ	اختیاری
Author link 7	author-link7 author7-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author.	صفحہ	اختیاری
Author link 8	author-link8 author8-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author.	صفحہ	اختیاری
Author link 9	author-link9 author9-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author.	صفحہ	اختیاری
Name list style	name-list-style	Set to 'amp' or 'and' to change the separator between the last two names of the name list to ' & ' or ' and ', respectively. Set to 'vanc' to display name lists in Vancouver style.	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Editor last name 2	editor2-last editor2	The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'.	سطر	اختیاری
Editor first name 2	editor2-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink.	سطر	اختیاری
Editor last name 3	editor3-last editor3	The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'.	سطر	اختیاری
Editor first name 3	editor3-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink.	سطر	اختیاری
Editor last name 4	editor4-last editor4	The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'.	سطر	اختیاری
Editor first name 4	editor4-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink.	سطر	اختیاری
Editor last name 5	editor5-last editor5	The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'.	سطر	اختیاری
Editor first name 5	editor5-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink.	سطر	اختیاری
Editor last name 6	editor6-last editor6	The surname of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'.	سطر	اختیاری
Editor first name 6	editor6-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth editor; don't wikilink.	سطر	اختیاری
Editor last name 7	editor7-last editor7	The surname of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'.	سطر	اختیاری
Editor first name 7	editor7-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh editor; don't wikilink.	سطر	اختیاری
Editor last name 8	editor8-last editor8	The surname of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'.	سطر	اختیاری
Editor first name 8	editor8-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth editor; don't wikilink.	سطر	اختیاری
Editor last name 9	editor9-last editor9	The surname of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'.	سطر	اختیاری
Editor first name 9	editor9-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth editor; don't wikilink.	سطر	اختیاری
Editor link 2	editor2-link editor2link editorlink2	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second editor.	صفحہ	اختیاری
Editor link 3	editor3-link editor3link editorlink3	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third editor.	صفحہ	اختیاری
Editor link 4	editor4-link editor4link editorlink4	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth editor.	صفحہ	اختیاری
Editor link 5	editor5-link editor5link editorlink5	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth editor.	صفحہ	اختیاری
Editor link 6	editor6-link editor6link editorlink6	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth editor.	صفحہ	اختیاری
Editor link 7	editor7-link editor7link editorlink7	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh editor.	صفحہ	اختیاری
Editor link 8	editor8-link editor8link editorlink8	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth editor.	صفحہ	اختیاری
Editor link 9	editor9-link editor9link editorlink9	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth editor.	صفحہ	اختیاری
Translator Last Name 3	translator3-last translator-last3	Surname of third translator. Do not wikilink	سطر	اختیاری
Translator First Name 3	translator3-first translator-first3	Given or first names of third translator. Do not wikilink	سطر	اختیاری
Translator Link 3	translator3-link translator-link3	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink.	سطر	اختیاری
Translator Last Name 4	translator4-last translator-last4	Surname of fourth translator. Do not wikilink	سطر	اختیاری
Translator First Name 4	translator4-first translator-first4	Given or first names of fourth translator. Do not wikilink	سطر	اختیاری
Translator Link 4	translator4-link translator-link4	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink.	صفحہ	اختیاری
Translator Last Name 5	translator5-last translator-last5	Surname of fifth translator. Do not wikilink	سطر	اختیاری
Translator First Name 5	translator5-first translator-first5	Given or first names of fifth translator. Do not wikilink	صفحہ	اختیاری
Translator Link 5	translator5-link translator-link5	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink.	صفحہ	اختیاری
Translator Last Name 6	translator6-last translator-last6	Surname of sixth translator. Do not wikilink	صفحہ	اختیاری
Translator First Name 6	translator6-first translator-first6	Given or first names of sixth translator. Do not wikilink	صفحہ	اختیاری
Translator Link 6	translator6-link translator-link6	Title of existing Wikipedia article about sixth the translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink.	صفحہ	اختیاری
Translator Last Name 7	translator7-last translator-last7	Surname of seventh translator. Do not wikilink	صفحہ	اختیاری
Translator First Name 7	translator7-first translator-first7	Given or first names of seventh translator. Do not wikilink	صفحہ	اختیاری
Translator Link 7	translator7-link translator-link7	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink.	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Translator Last Name 8	translator8-last translator-last8	Surname of eighth translator. Do not wikilink	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Translator First Name 8	translator8-first translator-first8	Given or first names of eighth translator. Do not wikilink	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Translator Link 8	translator8-link translator-link8	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink.	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Translator Last Name 9	translator9-last translator-last9	Surname of ninth translator. Do not wikilink	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Translator First Name 9	translator9-first translator-link9	Given or first names of ninth translator. Do not wikilink	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Translator Link 9	translator9-link translator9-link.	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink.	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
URL access date	access-date	The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink	اِسٹرنگ	تجویز کردہ
Original year	orig-year	Original year of publication; provide specifics	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
URL access level	url-access	Classification of the access restrictions on the URL ('registration', 'subscription' or 'limited')	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Bibcode access level	bibcode-access	If the full text is available from ADS via this Bibcode, type 'free'.	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
DOI access level	doi-access	If the full text is free to read via the DOI, type 'free'.	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
HDL access level	hdl-access	If the full text is free to read via the HDL, type 'free'.	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
Jstor access level	jstor-access	If the full text is free to read on Jstor, type 'free'.	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
OpenLibrary access level	ol-access	If the full text is free to read on OpenLibrary, type 'free'.	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
OSTI access level	osti-access	If the full text is free to read on OSTI, type 'free'.	اِسٹرنگ	اختیاری
via	via	Identify the aggregator of the resource that provided the digital version (usually a database provider), when it differs from the publisher (e.g., for The Wikipedia Library) مثال EBSCOHost , Proquest, Newspapers.com	Unknown	تجویز کردہ

See also

• {{cite mailing list}}

یہ سانچہ تخلیق کرتا ہے COinS میٹا ڈیٹا; دیکھیے COinS in Wikipedia پس منظری معلومات کے لیے۔