کیمیا کا خاکہ
کیمیاء، جوہری و سالماتی پیمانوں پر مادہ کا علم ہے.
- اصل مقالہ: کیمیاء
کیمیاء کی شاخیں
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History of chemistry
- Main article: History of chemistry
- 1661 - The Sceptical Chymist, by Robert Boyle. Chemistry is born, by being defined distinct from alchemy.
Basic chemistry concepts
Standard periodic table of the chemical elements
Periodic table (standard)
Concepts, by subject area
- Apparatus : Bunsen burner -- Calorimeter -- Colorimeter -- Burette -- Thermometer
- Atomic structure : Atom -- Ion -- Electron -- Proton -- Neutron -- Atomic orbital -- Molecular orbital -- Chemical element -- Valence -- Atomic nucleus -- Isotope
- Bonding : Chemical bond -- Ionic bond -- Covalent bond -- Metallic bond -- Hydrogen bond -- Intermolecular force -- Dipole -- Electron pair -- Unpaired electron
- Chemical reaction -- Chemical formula -- Structural formula -- Mole -- Stoichiometry -- Chemical nomenclature -- Chemical equilibrium -- Reversible reaction -- Electrophile -- Nucleophile -- Redox
- Chemical techniques : Titration -- Distillation -- Chromatography -- Reflux -- Buffer solution -- Filtration -- Hydrolysis -- Condensation reaction
- Important Chemical substances: Matter -- Water -- Ammonia -- Benzene -- Phenol
- Mixtures and Solutions: Concentration -- Vapour pressure -- Raoult's law -- Partial pressure -- solvation
- Periodic table : Periodicity -- Group 1 elements -- Group 2 elements -- Transition metal -- Group 5 elements -- Group 6 elements -- Halogen -- Noble gas -- s block -- d block -- p block -- f block
- Properties : pH -- electronegativity
- Structure : Gas -- Liquid -- Molecule -- Solid -- Isomer -- Allotropy -- Crystal -- Complex (chemistry) -- Ligand -- Chemical compound -- Stereochemistry
Concepts by branch of chemistry
- Analytical chemistry :
- Electrochemistry : Electrochemical cell -- Oxidation -- Reduction -- Electrode potential -- Oxidation number -- Electrolysis -- Electrolytic cell -- Electrolyte -- Nernst equation
- Spectroscopy : atomic absorption spectroscopy -- Auger electron spectroscopy -- electromagnetic spectroscopy -- fluorescence spectroscopy -- infrared spectroscopy -- mass spectrometer -- Mossbauer spectroscopy -- nuclear magnetic resonance -- neutron activation analysis -- Raman spectroscopy -- UV/Vis spectrophotometry -- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy --
- Inorganic chemistry : Alkali -- Acid -- Base -- Metals -- Nonmetals -- Salt -- pH
- Organic chemistry : Functional group -- Hydrocarbon -- Alkane -- Alkene -- Halogenoalkane - Alcohol -- Ether -- Aldehyde -- Ketone - Carboxylic acid -- Ester -- Alicyclic compound -- Amine -- Amide -- Amino acid -- Polymer -- Polymerization -- Organic nomenclature -- Arene -- Phenol -- Peptide
- Physical chemistry :
- Kinetics: Catalyst -- Enzyme -- Arrhenius equation
- Thermochemistry : Enthalpy -- Activation energy -- Entropy
- Computational chemistry : Molecular modeling -- Molecular dynamics -- Molecular mechanics -- Quantum methods -- Combinatorial chemistry -- Cheminformatics -- Bioinformatics
- Quantum chemistry : Slater determinant - Self-consistent field -- Hartree-Fock -- Moller-Plesset - Electron correlation - Semiempirical methods
- Biochemistry : Protein -- Carbohydrate -- Fat -- Nucleic Acid
Some famous chemists
- For more chemists, see: Nobel Prize in Chemistry and List of chemists
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Chemistry lists
- Main article: List of chemistry topics
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See also
External links
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- International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- IUPAC Nomenclature Home Page, see especially the "Gold Book" containing definitions of standard chemical terms
- Interactive Mind Map of Chemistry
- / Chemical energetics