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ژےنگ ہینگ ایک چینی فلکیاتدان،حسابدان،موجد،جغرافیہ دان،نقشہ دان،مصور،شاعر، سفارتکار اور ادبی عالم تھا۔ ژےنگ ہینگ کا تعلق چین کے شہر نےنۓینگ،صوبہ ہنان سے تھا اور وہ مشرقی ہان سلطنت (Eastern Han Dynasty) کے زمانے میں رہتے تھے۔ انہوں نے تعلیم چینی صوبوں لویینگ اور چےنگن کے مرکزی شہروں میں حاصل کی اور چینی نوکرشاہی میں ملازمت اختیار کی۔ انہوں نے بالآخر فلکدان اعلی ، پریفیک آف دی آفشل کیرجز اور شاہی محل میں درباری کے عہدے حاصل کیے۔ انکے کئ سارے تاریخی اور کیلینڈری موضوعات پر ااٹل موقف نے انہیں ایک متضاد شخصیت بنادیا اور انکے دربار کے سرکاری تاریخدان نا مقرر ہونے کا سبب بنے۔ شاہ شن کے دور حکومت میں انکی خواجہ سراؤں سے سیاسی دشمنی انکے رٹائرمنٹ کے فیصلے کا باعث بنی اور انہوں نے دربار سے سکونت حاصل کر صوبہ ہبائ کے شہر، ہیجیان کے منتظم کا عہدہ سنبھال لیا۔ انہیں 138 میں دوبارہ دربار میں طلب کیا گیا اور وہ 139 میں انتقال کر گۓ-
مارکو پولو(1254ء-1324ء) (Marco Polo) وینس، اٹلی کا ایک تاجر اور مہم جو تھا۔ اس نے دنیا کے کئی ملکوں کا سفر کیا اور اپنے مشاہدات کو ایک کتاب میں قلم بند کیا۔
مارکو پولو سے پہلے اس کے باپ اور چچا چین تک سفر کر چکے تھے۔ مارکو پولو انکے ساتھ دوبارہ چین تک گیا۔ اس وقت چین پر چنگیز خان کے پوتے قبلائی خان کی حکومت تھی۔ قبلائی خان منگول تھا اور اسے چینیوں پر اعتبار نہیں تھا اس لیۓ اس نے مارکو پولو کو اپنی ملازمت میں رکھ لیا۔ مارکو 17 سال تک چین میں رہا اور پھر اپنے وطن واپس آگیا۔
مارکو پولو نے اپنے سفر کے دوران مشرقِ وسطی کے کئی ملکوں وسطی ایشیا کے ملکوں کا سفر کیا۔ وہ شاہراہ ریشم پر سے گزرا۔ اس کے علاوہ اسنے سمندری سفر بھی کیا۔
چین کے کمیونسٹ رہنما۔ بورژوا خاندان میں پیدا ہوئے۔ ابتدائی تعلیم ٹین سین کے ایک مشنری سکول میں پائی۔ 1917ء میں گریجوایشن کرنے کے بعد مزید تعلیم کے لیے جاپان گئے۔ یہیں ایک پروفیسر نے انھیں مارکسزم کی طرف راغب کیا۔ 1919ء میں چین واپس آئے۔ اس وقت چین سیاسی افراتفری کا شکار تھا۔ چو این لائی نے دوستوں کی مدد سے ایک سٹڈی گروپ قائم کیا اور انقلابی تحریکوں میں سرگرم حصہ لینے لگے۔ جس پر انھیں چند ماہ قید و بند میں کاٹنا پڑے۔
رہائی کے بعد چار سال 1920ء سے 1924ء تک پیرس میں رہے اور جزوقتی کام کرکے تعلیم جاری رکھی۔ یہاں ان کی ملاقات عظیم ویت نامی انقلابی ہوچی منھ اور دوسرے ایشیائی اشتراکی لیڈروں سے ہوئی۔ بعد ازاں کچھ دن جرمنی میں گزارے۔ 1924ء کے اواخر میں چین ، واپس آگئے ۔ اس دوران میں روس کی کوششوں سے سین یات سن کو کومن تانگ پارٹی اور کیمونسٹوں کے درمیان اتحاد ہوگیا۔ چوو ہامپوآ ملٹری اکیڈیمی میں پولیٹکل ڈائریکٹر مقرر ہوگئے۔ جس کا سربراہ چیانگ کائی شیک تھا۔ یہیں سے انھیں سیاسی عروج حاصل ہوا۔ اور 1927ء میں وہ کیمونسٹ پارٹی کی پولٹ بیورو کے رکن منتخب ہوئے۔
Zhou Tong was the archery teacher and second military arts tutor of famous Song Dynasty general Yue Fei. Information regarding his actual life is largely absent in history records. However, the fact that Zhou was Yue Fei's teacher has led to his popularity in Chinese folklore. Various sources portray him as four distinct people with backgrounds in Military and civilian combat arts. Several of these personas are said to have taught these arts to Lin Chong, Lu Junyi, and Wu Song, three of the "108 outlaws" on whom the Water Margin novel is based. For centuries, Zhou has had an intimate connection with topics related to Yue Fei, including martial arts, film, and literature. Many martial arts styles associated with Yue Fei—Eagle Claw, Chuojiao and Xing Yi—commonly include Zhou Tong within their lineage history. In the folk biography of Yue Fei, Zhou's abilities as a martial artist are described as being "high and strong." However, the oldest historical record that mentions his name only says he taught archery to Yue Fei. Zhou's character appeared in a string of black and white Yue Fei films during the early half of the 20th century. There is even an individual wuxia novel that focuses on Zhou's fictional adventures as a young man.
Yao Ming (born 1980) is a Chinese professional basketball player who plays for the Houston Rockets of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He is currently the tallest player in the NBA, at 7 feet 6 inches (2.29 m). Yao, who was born in شنگھائی, China, started playing for the Shanghai Sharks as a teenager, and played on their senior team for five years in the Chinese Basketball Association, winning a championship in his final year. He entered the 2002 NBA Draft, and after negotiating with the CBA and the Sharks to secure his release, he was selected by the Houston Rockets as the first overall pick of the draft. He has since been selected to start for the Western Conference in the NBA All-Star Game in all six of his seasons, and has been named to the All-NBA Team team four times. However, the Rockets have not advanced past the first round of the playoffs since he joined the team, and he has missed significant time due to injury in each of the past three seasons. Yao is married to Ye Li, a former player for the China women's national basketball team. He is one of China's most well-known athletes, with sponsorships with several major companies, and he has been the richest celebrity in China for five straight years. He has also co-written an autobiography of his life with Ric Bucher, and his rookie year in the NBA was the subject of a documentary film.
Zhang Heng was an astronomer, mathematician, inventor, geographer, cartographer, artist, poet, statesman, and literary scholar from Nanyang, Henan, and lived during the ہان خاندان (AD 25–220) of چین. After beginning his career as a minor civil servant, he eventually became Chief Astronomer, Prefect of the Majors for Official Carriages, and then Palace Attendant at the imperial court. His uncompromising stances on certain historical and calendrical issues led to Zhang being considered a controversial figure, which prevented him from becoming an official court historian. Zhang applied his extensive knowledge of mechanics and gears in several of his inventions. He invented the world's first water-powered armillary sphere, to represent astronomical observation; improved the inflow water clock by adding another tank; and invented the world's first seismometer, which discerned the cardinal direction of an earthquake 500 کلومیٹر (310 میل) away. Furthermore, he improved previous Chinese calculations of the formula for pi. His fu (rhapsody) and shi poetry were renowned and commented on by later Chinese writers. Zhang received many posthumous honors for his scholarship and ingenuity, and is considered a polymath by some scholars.
Shen Kuo was a polymath Chinese scientist and statesman of the Song Dynasty (960ء–1279ء). Excelling in many fields of study and statecraft, he was a mathematician, astronomer, meteorologist, geologist, zoologist, botanist, pharmacologist, agronomist, ethnographer, encyclopedist, and poet. He was the head official for the Bureau of فلکیات in the Song court, as well as an Assistant Minister of Imperial Hospitality. In his Dream Pool Essays of 1088, Shen was the first to describe the magnetic needle compass, which would be used for navigation (first described in Europe by Alexander Neckam in 1187). Shen Kuo devised a geological theory of land formation, or geomorphology, based upon findings of inland marine fossils, knowledge of soil erosion, and the deposition of silt. He also advocated a theory for gradual climate change, after observing ancient petrified bamboos that were preserved underground in a dry northern habitat that did not support their growth in his time. Shen Kuo wrote extensively about movable type printing invented by Bi Sheng, and because of his written works the legacy of Bi Sheng and the modern understanding of the earliest movable type has been handed down to later generations.
Jackie Chan (born 1954) is a Chinese actor, action choreographer, film director, فلم پروڈیوسر, martial artist, comedian, screenwriter, singer and stunt performer from ہانگ کانگ. Chan is one of the best-known names in kung fu and action films worldwide, known for his acrobatic fighting style, comic timing, use of improvised weapons and innovative stunts. He has acted since the 1970s, appearing in over 100 films, and has received stars on the Hong Kong Avenue of Stars and the Hollywood Walk of Fame. As a cultural icon, Chan has been referenced in various pop songs, cartoons and video games. Besides acting, Chan is a Cantopop and Mandopop star, having released 20 albums since 1984 and sung many of the theme songs for the films in which he has starred. In 2008, Chan, along with Andy Lau, Liu Huan and Emil Chau, performed the farewell song "Hard to Say Goodbye" at the 2008 Summer Olympics closing ceremony.
The Shunzhi Emperor (1638–61) was the third emperor of the چنگ خاندان and the first Qing emperor to rule over چین, which he did from 1644 to 1661. He was chosen to succeed his father Hong Taiji (1592–1643) by a committee of Manchu princes in September 1643, when he was five years old. Two co-regents were also appointed: Dorgon (1612–50), fourteenth son of Qing founder Nurhaci, and Jirgalang (1599–1655), one of Nurhaci's nephews. Political power lay mostly in the hands of Dorgon. Under his leadership, the Qing conquered most of the territory of the fallen Ming dynasty (1368–1644), chased Ming loyalist regimes deep into the southwestern provinces, and established the basis of Qing rule over China. After Dorgon's death, the young monarch started to rule personally. He tried, with mixed success, to fight corruption and reduce the Manchu nobility's political influence. In the 1650s he faced a resurgence of Ming loyalist resistance, but by 1661 his armies had defeated the Qing's last enemies. He died at the age of 22 of smallpox, against which the Manchus had no immunity. He was succeeded by his third son, Xuanye, who subsequently reigned for sixty years under the name of Kangxi.
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