سلطان مصر
سلطان مصر (انگریزی: Sultan of Egypt) 1174ء میں صلاح الدین ایوبی کے ایوبی سلطنت کے قیام کے بعد 1517ء میں مصر پر عثمانی فتح تک مصر کے حکمرانوں کی حیثیت تھی۔

سلاطین کی فہرست ترمیم
ایوبی سلطنت ترمیم
- صلاح الدین ایوبی (1171–1193)
- Al-Aziz (1193–1198)
- Al-Mansur (1198–1200)
- ملک عادل (1200–1218)
- الملک الکامل ناصر الدین محمد (1218–1238)
- Al-Adil II (1238–1240)
- As-Salih Ayyub (1240–1249)
- Turanshah (1249–1250)
- شجر الدر (1250–1250)
- Al-Ashraf II (1250–1254) (nominally, actually the Mamluk Aybak ruled)
بحری مملوک ترمیم
Salihi Mamluks بحری مملوک برجی مملوک | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Royal title | Name | Reign start | Reign end | Ethnicity | Background notes | Coinage | |||
1st | Al-Malik al-Mu'izz | Izz ad-Din Aybak | 31 جولائی 1250[1] | 10 اپریل 1257[2] | ترکمان | Middle-ranking mamluk of ایوبی سلطنت sultan as-Salih Ayyub۔ Married the latter's widow, شجر الدر، who became sultan on 2 مئی 1250 until she abdicated in favor of Aybak.[1] | ||||
2nd | Al-Malik al-Mansur | Nur ad-Din Ali | 15 اپریل 1257[3] | نومبر 1259[3] | ترکمان | Son of Aybak. | ||||
3rd | Al-Malik al-Muzaffar | سیف الدین قطز | نومبر 1259[3] | 24 اکتوبر 1260[3] | خاندان انوشتگین[4] | A mamluk of Aybak and head of Aybak's mamluk faction, the Mu'izziya,[5] Aybak's chief deputy, and strongman of Ali's sultanate.[6] | ||||
4th | Al-Malik az-Zahir | بیبرس | 24 اکتوبر 1260[3] | 1 جولائی 1277[3] | Kipchak Turk | Bahri mamluk and founder of the بحری مملوک۔[5] | ||||
5th | Al-Malik as-Sa'id | Nasir ad-Din Barakah | 3 جولائی 1277[3] | اگست 1279[3] | Kipchak Turk | Son of Baybars and his wife, who was the daughter of Husam ad-Din Baraka Khan, a Khwarazmian warrior chief, after whom Barakah was named.[7][4][8] | ||||
6th | Al-Malik al-Adil | بدرالدین سلامش | اگست 1279[3] | نومبر 1279[3] | Kipchak Turk | Son of Baybars. | ||||
7th | Al-Malik al-Mansur | سیف الدین قلاوون | نومبر 1279[3] | 10 نومبر 1290[3] | Kipchak Turk[9] | Bahri mamluk and Baybars' chief deputy | ||||
8th | Al-Malik al-Ashraf | Salah ad-Din Khalil | 12 نومبر 1290[3] | 12 دسمبر 1293[3] | Kipchak Turk | Son of Qalawun. | ||||
9th | Al-Malik an-Nasir | ناصر محمد بن قلاوون | 14 دسمبر 1293[3] | دسمبر 1294[3] | Kipchak Turk | Son of Qalawun. First reign. | ||||
10th | Al-Malik al-Adil | Zayn ad-Din Kitbugha | دسمبر 1294[3] | 7 دسمبر 1296[3] | منگول[10] | A mamluk of Qalawun.[10] | ||||
11th | Al-Malik al-Mansur | حسام الدین لاجین | 7 دسمبر 1296[3] | 16 جنوری 1299[3] | ادیگی قوم[11] | A mamluk of Qalawun.[10] Relative to Rukn ad-Din Baybars al-Jashnakir[11] | ||||
12th | Al-Malik an-Nasir | Nasir ad-Din Muhammad | 16 جنوری 1299[3] | مارچ 1309[3] | Kipchak Turk | Second reign. | ||||
13th | Al-Malik al-Muzaffar | بیبرس دوم | اپریل 1309[3] | 5 مارچ 1310[3] | ادیگی قوم[11] | A mamluk of Qalawun.[12] Relative to Husam ad-Din Lajin[11] | ||||
14th | Al-Malik an-Nasir | Nasir ad-Din Muhammad | 5 مارچ 1310[3] | 6 جون 1341[3] | Kipchak Turk | Third reign. | ||||
15th | Al-Malik al-Mansur | Sayf ad-Din Abu Bakr | 8 جون 1341[3] | اگست 1341[13] | Kipchak Turk | Son of an-Nasir Muhammad and his concubine Narjis.[14] Real power in Abu Bakr's sultanate was held by Qawsun, a mamluk and senior امیر of an-Nasir Muhammad.[13] | ||||
16th | Al-Malik al-Ashraf | Ala'a ad-Din Kujuk | اگست 1341[15] | 21 جنوری 1342[16] | Kipchak Turk and تاتاری | Son of an-Nasir Muhammad and his Tatar concubine Ardu.[14] An infant when he was made sultan by strongman Qawsun.[13] | ||||
17th | Al-Malik an-Nasir | Shihab ad-Din Ahmad | 21 جنوری 1342[16] | 27 جون 1342[17] | Kipchak Turk | Son of an-Nasir Muhammad and his concubine Bayad, a freed slave girl.[14] | ||||
18th | Al-Malik as-Salih | Imad ad-Din Abu'l Fida Isma'il | 27 جون 1342[16] | 3 اگست 1345[18] | Kipchak Turk | Son of an-Nasir Muhammad and one of his concubines, unnamed by the sources.[14] | ||||
19th | Al-Malik al-Kamil | Sayf ad-Din Sha'ban | 3 اگست 1345[18] | 18 ستمبر 1346[18] | Kipchak Turk | Son of an-Nasir Muhammad and one of his concubines, unnamed by the sources (same mother of as-Salih Isma'il)۔[14] | ||||
20th | Al-Malik al-Muzaffar | Sayf ad-Din Hajji | 18 ستمبر 1346[18] | 10 دسمبر 1347[18] | Kipchak Turk | Son of an-Nasir Muhammad and one of his other unnamed concubines.[14] | ||||
21st | Al-Malik an-Nasir | Badr ad-Din Hasan | دسمبر 1347 | 21 اگست 1351[18] | Kipchak Turk | Son of an-Nasir Muhammad and his concubine Kuda, who died in Hasan's infancy. First reign. Hasan acceded to the sultanate as a young child and real power was shared by four senior emirs, Shaykhu an-Nasiri، Taz an-Nasiri, Manjak al-Yusufi and Baybugha al-Qasimi۔ Hasan was toppled when he challenged their power. | ||||
22nd | Al-Malik as-Salih | Salah ad-Din Salih | 21 اگست 1351[18] | 20 اکتوبر 1354[18] | Kipchak Turk | Son of an-Nasir Muhammad and his wife Qutlumalik, daughter of Emir Tankiz al-Husami۔[14] | ||||
23rd | Al-Malik an-Nasir | Badr ad-Din Hasan | 20 اکتوبر 1354[18] | 16 مارچ 1361[18] | Kipchak Turk | Second reign. He was killed by Emir Yalbugha al-Umari۔[18] | ||||
24th | Al-Malik al-Mansur | Salah ad-Din Muhammad | 17 مارچ 1361[18] | 29 مئی 1363[18] | Kipchak Turk | Son of Hajji. Real power was held by Emir Yalbugha al-Umari, who toppled him.[18] | ||||
25th | Al-Malik al-Ashraf | Zayn ad-Din Sha'ban (Sha'ban II) | 29 مئی 1363[18] | 15 مارچ 1377[18] | Kipchak Turk | Son of al-Amjad Husayn (d. 21 جنوری 1363)، the last surviving son of an-Nasir Muhammad who never reigned,[19] and Khawand Baraka.[20] | ||||
26th | Al-Malik al-Mansur | Ala'a ad-Din Ali | 15 مارچ 1377[18] | 19 مئی 1381[18] | Kipchak Turk | Son of Sha'ban II. Was an infant during his accession, and real power was initially held by emirs Ibek and Qartay until the latter was ousted by the former. Ibek was later killed and power passed to سیف الدین برقوق، a former mamluk of Yalbugha an-Nasiri. | ||||
27th | Al-Malik as-Salih | Salah ad-Din Hajji | 19 مئی 1381[18] | 26 نومبر 1382[18] | Kipchak Turk | Son of al-Ashraf Sha'ban. Was an infant during his succession and real power was held by Barquq. |
برجی مملوک ترمیم
Salihi Mamluks بحری مملوک برجی مملوک | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Royal title | Name | Reign start | Reign end | Ethnicity | Background notes | Coinage | |||
28th | Al-Malik az-Zahir | سیف الدین برقوق | 26 نومبر 1382[18] | 1 جون 1389[18] | Circassian | A mamluk of Yalbugha al-Umari. Son of Anas, who was brought to Egypt by Barquq in 1381 and converted to Islam. First reign. Established the برجی مملوک۔ | ||||
29th | Al-Malik as-Salih | Salah ad-Din Hajji | 1 جون 1389[18] | جنوری 1390[18] | Kipchak Turk | Second reign. Installed during a rebellion against Barquq in which the latter was toppled.[18] When Barquq was restored, Hajji was allowed to continue residing in the قلعہ صلاح الدین ایوبی۔ | ||||
30th | Al-Malik az-Zahir | Sayf ad-Din Barquq | 21 جنوری 1390[18] | 20 جون 1399[18] | Circassian | Second reign. | ||||
31st | Al-Malik an-Nasir | Nasir ad-Din Faraj | 20 جون 1399[18] | 20 ستمبر 1405[18] | Circassian | Son of Barquq.[18] | ||||
32nd | Al-Malik al-Mansur | Izz ad-Din Abd al-Aziz | 20 ستمبر 1405[18] | نومبر 1405[18] | Circassian | Son of Barquq.[18] | ||||
33rd | Al-Malik an-Nasir | Nasir ad-Din Faraj | نومبر 1405[18] | 23 مئی 1412[18] | Circassian | Second reign. | ||||
34th | Al-Malik al-Adil | Al-Musta'in Billah | 23 مئی 1412[18] | 6 نومبر 1412[18] | عرب قوم | The فہرست خلفائے عباسیہ in Cairo. He was appointed by the Burji emir Shaykh Mahmudi as a figurehead, but then compelled him to abdicate.[18] | ||||
35th | Al-Malik al-Mu'ayyad | Shaykh al-Mahmudi | 6 نومبر 1412[18] | 13 جنوری 1421[18] | Circassian | A mamluk of Barquq. | ||||
36th | Al-Malik al-Muzaffar | Ahmad | 13 جنوری 1421[18] | 29 اگست 1421[18] | Circassian | Son of Shaykh. Was an infant during accession. | ||||
37th | Al-Malik az-Zahir | Sayf ad-Din Tatar | 29 اگست 1421[18] | 30 نومبر 1421[18] | Circassian | A mamluk of Barquq[21] | ||||
38th | Al-Malik as-Salih | An-Nasir ad-Din Muhammad | 30 نومبر 1421[18] | 1 اپریل 1422[18] | Circassian | Son of Tatar. Was an infant during accession.[18] | ||||
39th | Al-Malik al-Ashraf | Sayf ad-Din Barsbay | 1 اپریل 1422[18] | 7 جون 1438[18] | Circassian | A mamluk of Barquq.[21] He was a tutor of Muhammad before he toppled him.[18] | ||||
40th | Al-Malik al-Aziz | Jamal ad-Din Abu al-Mahasin Yusuf | 7 جون 1438[18] | 9 ستمبر 1438[18] | Circassian | Son of Barsbay. Was a child during accession. | ||||
41st | Al-Malik az-Zahir | سیف الدین جقمق | 9 ستمبر 1438[18] | 1 فروری 1453[18] | Circassian | A mamluk of Barquq.[21] | ||||
42nd | Al-Malik al-Mansur | Fakhr ad-Din Uthman | 1 فروری 1453[18] | 15 مارچ 1453[18] | Circassian | Son of Jaqmaq.[18] | ||||
43rd | Al-Malik al-Ashraf | سيف الدين اينال | 15 مارچ 1453[18] | 26 فروری 1461[18] | Circassian | A mamluk of Barquq.[21] | ||||
44th | Al-Malik al-Mu'ayyad | Shihab ad-Din Ahmad | 26 فروری 1461[18] | 28 جون 1461[18] | Circassian | Son of Inal.[18] | ||||
45th | Al-Malik az-Zahir | Sayf ad-Din Khushqadam | 28 جون 1461[18] | 9 اکتوبر 1467[18] | Greek[18] | A mamluk of Shaykh.[21] | ||||
45th | Al-Malik az-Zahir | Sayf ad-Din Bilbay | 9 اکتوبر 1467[18] | 4 دسمبر 1467[18] | Circassian | A mamluk of Shaykh.[22] | ||||
46th | Al-Malik az-Zahir | Timurbugha | 4 دسمبر 1467[18] | 31 جنوری 1468[18] | Greek[23] | A mamluk of Jaqmaq.[21] | ||||
47th | Al-Malik al-Ashraf | سیف الدین قایتبائی | 31 جنوری 1468[18] | 7 اگست 1496[18] | Circassian | A mamluk of Barsbay.[24] | ||||
48th | Al-Malik an-Nasir | Muhammad | 7 اگست 1496[18] | 31 اکتوبر 1498[18] | Circassian | Son of Qa'itbay[18] | ||||
49th | Al-Malik az-Zahir | Abu Sa'id Qansuh | 31 اکتوبر 1498[18] | 30 جون 1500[18] | Circassian | A mamluk of Qa'itbay.[25] | ||||
50th | Al-Malik al-Ashraf | Abu al-Nasir Janbalat | 30 جون 1500[18] | 25 جنوری 1501[18] | Circassian | Originally a mamluk of Emir Yashbak min Mahdi, who gave Janbalat to Qa'itbay, who then freed him.[26] | ||||
51st | Al-Malik al-Adil | Sayf ad-Din Tumanbay | 25 جنوری 1501[18] | 20 اپریل 1501[18] | Circassian | A mamluk of Qa'itbay.[27] | ||||
52nd | Al-Malik al-Ashraf | الاشرف قانصوہ غوری | 20 اپریل 1501[18] | 24 اگست 1516[18] | Circassian | His mamluk origins are unclear, but he was trained in the Ghawr Barracks of Cairo, hence his name "al-Ghawri"۔[28] Prior to his accession to the sultanate, he was an emir of ten and a provincial governor.[28] | ||||
53rd | Al-Malik al-Ashraf | Tumanbay II | 17 اکتوبر 1516[18] | 15 اپریل 1517[18] | Circassian | Last Mamluk sultan. |
خائن احمد پاشا کا انقلاب ترمیم
- خائن احمد پاشا (1523–1524)
آل محمد علی (1914ء–1922ء) ترمیم
- Hussein Kamel (Sultan of Egypt and Sudan) – 19 دسمبر 1914 – 9 اکتوبر 1917
- شاہ فواد اول (Sultan of Egypt and Sudan) – 9 اکتوبر 1917 – 16 مارچ 1922
مزید دیکھیے ترمیم
حوالہ جات ترمیم
- ^ ا ب Northrup 1998, p. 69.
- ↑ Northrup 1998, p. 70.
- ^ ا ب پ ت ٹ ث ج چ ح خ د ڈ ذ ر ڑ ز ژ س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق Stewart، John (2006). African States and Rulers. McFarland & Company. صفحہ 86. ISBN 978-0-7864-2562-4.
- ^ ا ب Hathaway، Jane (2003). Tale of Two Factions, A: Myth, Memory, and Identity in Ottoman Egypt and Yemen. State University of New York Press. صفحات 50–52. ISBN 978-0-7914-8610-8.
- ^ ا ب Northrup, ed. Petry 1998, p. 250.
- ↑ Northrup 1998, p. 71.
- ↑ Thorau، Peter (1992). The Lion of Egypt: Sultan Baybars I and the Near East in the Thirteenth Century. Longman. صفحہ 261. ISBN 978-0-582-06823-0.
- ↑ Holt 2004, p. 99.
- ↑ Yosef 2012b، ص: 394۔
- ^ ا ب پ Northrup, ed. Petry 1998, p. 252.
- ^ ا ب پ ت Yosef 2012b، ص: 396۔
- ↑ Tarikh, Volumes 5-6: Peoples and Kingdoms of West Africa in the Pre-Colonial Period. Longman. 1974. صفحہ 9. ISBN 978-0-582-60873-3.
- ^ ا ب پ Drory 2006, p. 20.
- ^ ا ب پ ت ٹ ث ج Bauden 2009, p. 63.
- ↑ Levanoni 1995, p. 102.
- ^ ا ب پ Drory 2006, p. 24.
- ↑ Drory 2006, p. 28.
- ^ ا ب پ ت ٹ ث ج چ ح خ د ڈ ذ ر ڑ ز ژ س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ک گ ل م ن و ہ ھ ی ے اا اب ات اث اج اح اخ اد اذ ار از اس اش اص اض اط اظ اع اغ اف اق اك ال ام ان اہ او ای با بب بپ بت بٹ بث بج بچ بح بخ بد بڈ بذ بر بڑ بز بژ بس بش چشولم، ہیو، ویکی نویس (1911ء). "Egypt/3 History". دائرۃ المعارف بریطانیکا (ایڈیشن 11ویں). کیمبرج یونیورسٹی پریس.
- ↑ Holt, eds. Vermeulen and De Smet, p. 319.
- ↑ Al-Harithy، Howayda (2005). "Female Patronage of Mamluk Architecture in Cairo". In Sonbol، Amira El Azhary. Beyond The Exotic: Women's Histories In Islamic Societies. Syracuse University Press. صفحہ 332. ISBN 978-0-8156-3055-5.
- ^ ا ب پ ت ٹ ث Garcin, ed. Petry 1998, p. 293.
- ↑ Levanoni, eds. Winter and Levanoni 2004, p. 82.
- ↑ Ali، Abdul (1996). Islamic Dynasties of the Arab East: State and Civilization During the Later Medieval Times. M.D. Publications Private Limited. صفحہ 64. ISBN 9788175330085.
- ↑ Garcin, ed. Petry 1998, p. 295.
- ↑ Dobrowolski، Jarosław (2001). The Living Stones of Cairo. American University in Cairo Press. صفحہ 60. ISBN 9789774246326.
- ↑ Mayer، L. A. (1933). Saracenic Heraldry: A Survey. Clarendon Press. صفحہ 127.
- ↑ Garcin, ed. Petry 1998, p. 297.
- ^ ا ب Petry 1994, p. 20.