ویکیپیڈیا

سلطان مصر

سلطان مصر (انگریزی: Sultan of Egypt) 1174ء میں صلاح الدین ایوبی کے ایوبی سلطنت کے قیام کے بعد 1517ء میں مصر پر عثمانی فتح تک مصر کے حکمرانوں کی حیثیت تھی۔

صلاح الدین ایوبی پہلا سلطان مصر

سلاطین کی فہرست ترمیم

ایوبی سلطنت ترمیم

بحری مملوک ترمیم

  Salihi Mamluks   بحری مملوک   برجی مملوک

Number Royal title Name Reign start Reign end Ethnicity Background notes Coinage
1st Al-Malik al-Mu'izz Izz ad-Din Aybak 31 جولائی 1250[1] 10 اپریل 1257[2] ترکمان Middle-ranking mamluk of ایوبی سلطنت sultan as-Salih Ayyub۔ Married the latter's widow, شجر الدر، who became sultan on 2 مئی 1250 until she abdicated in favor of Aybak.[1]  
2nd Al-Malik al-Mansur Nur ad-Din Ali 15 اپریل 1257[3] نومبر 1259[3] ترکمان Son of Aybak.  
3rd Al-Malik al-Muzaffar سیف الدین قطز نومبر 1259[3] 24 اکتوبر 1260[3] خاندان انوشتگین[4] A mamluk of Aybak and head of Aybak's mamluk faction, the Mu'izziya,[5] Aybak's chief deputy, and strongman of Ali's sultanate.[6]  
4th Al-Malik az-Zahir بیبرس 24 اکتوبر 1260[3] 1 جولائی 1277[3] Kipchak Turk Bahri mamluk and founder of the بحری مملوک۔[5]  
5th Al-Malik as-Sa'id Nasir ad-Din Barakah 3 جولائی 1277[3] اگست 1279[3] Kipchak Turk Son of Baybars and his wife, who was the daughter of Husam ad-Din Baraka Khan, a Khwarazmian warrior chief, after whom Barakah was named.[7][4][8]  
6th Al-Malik al-Adil بدرالدین سلامش اگست 1279[3] نومبر 1279[3] Kipchak Turk Son of Baybars.
7th Al-Malik al-Mansur سیف الدین قلاوون نومبر 1279[3] 10 نومبر 1290[3] Kipchak Turk[9] Bahri mamluk and Baybars' chief deputy  
8th Al-Malik al-Ashraf Salah ad-Din Khalil 12 نومبر 1290[3] 12 دسمبر 1293[3] Kipchak Turk Son of Qalawun.  
9th Al-Malik an-Nasir ناصر محمد بن قلاوون 14 دسمبر 1293[3] دسمبر 1294[3] Kipchak Turk Son of Qalawun. First reign.  
10th Al-Malik al-Adil Zayn ad-Din Kitbugha دسمبر 1294[3] 7 دسمبر 1296[3] منگول[10] A mamluk of Qalawun.[10]  
11th Al-Malik al-Mansur حسام الدین لاجین 7 دسمبر 1296[3] 16 جنوری 1299[3] ادیگی قوم[11] A mamluk of Qalawun.[10] Relative to Rukn ad-Din Baybars al-Jashnakir[11]  
12th Al-Malik an-Nasir Nasir ad-Din Muhammad 16 جنوری 1299[3] مارچ 1309[3] Kipchak Turk Second reign.  
13th Al-Malik al-Muzaffar بیبرس دوم اپریل 1309[3] 5 مارچ 1310[3] ادیگی قوم[11] A mamluk of Qalawun.[12] Relative to Husam ad-Din Lajin[11]
14th Al-Malik an-Nasir Nasir ad-Din Muhammad 5 مارچ 1310[3] 6 جون 1341[3] Kipchak Turk Third reign.  
15th Al-Malik al-Mansur Sayf ad-Din Abu Bakr 8 جون 1341[3] اگست 1341[13] Kipchak Turk Son of an-Nasir Muhammad and his concubine Narjis.[14] Real power in Abu Bakr's sultanate was held by Qawsun, a mamluk and senior امیر of an-Nasir Muhammad.[13]
16th Al-Malik al-Ashraf Ala'a ad-Din Kujuk اگست 1341[15] 21 جنوری 1342[16] Kipchak Turk and تاتاری Son of an-Nasir Muhammad and his Tatar concubine Ardu.[14] An infant when he was made sultan by strongman Qawsun.[13]
17th Al-Malik an-Nasir Shihab ad-Din Ahmad 21 جنوری 1342[16] 27 جون 1342[17] Kipchak Turk Son of an-Nasir Muhammad and his concubine Bayad, a freed slave girl.[14]
18th Al-Malik as-Salih Imad ad-Din Abu'l Fida Isma'il 27 جون 1342[16] 3 اگست 1345[18] Kipchak Turk Son of an-Nasir Muhammad and one of his concubines, unnamed by the sources.[14]
19th Al-Malik al-Kamil Sayf ad-Din Sha'ban 3 اگست 1345[18] 18 ستمبر 1346[18] Kipchak Turk Son of an-Nasir Muhammad and one of his concubines, unnamed by the sources (same mother of as-Salih Isma'il)۔[14]
20th Al-Malik al-Muzaffar Sayf ad-Din Hajji 18 ستمبر 1346[18] 10 دسمبر 1347[18] Kipchak Turk Son of an-Nasir Muhammad and one of his other unnamed concubines.[14]  
21st Al-Malik an-Nasir Badr ad-Din Hasan دسمبر 1347 21 اگست 1351[18] Kipchak Turk Son of an-Nasir Muhammad and his concubine Kuda, who died in Hasan's infancy. First reign. Hasan acceded to the sultanate as a young child and real power was shared by four senior emirs, Shaykhu an-Nasiri، Taz an-Nasiri, Manjak al-Yusufi and Baybugha al-Qasimi۔ Hasan was toppled when he challenged their power.  
22nd Al-Malik as-Salih Salah ad-Din Salih 21 اگست 1351[18] 20 اکتوبر 1354[18] Kipchak Turk Son of an-Nasir Muhammad and his wife Qutlumalik, daughter of Emir Tankiz al-Husami۔[14]  
23rd Al-Malik an-Nasir Badr ad-Din Hasan 20 اکتوبر 1354[18] 16 مارچ 1361[18] Kipchak Turk Second reign. He was killed by Emir Yalbugha al-Umari۔[18]  
24th Al-Malik al-Mansur Salah ad-Din Muhammad 17 مارچ 1361[18] 29 مئی 1363[18] Kipchak Turk Son of Hajji. Real power was held by Emir Yalbugha al-Umari, who toppled him.[18]  
25th Al-Malik al-Ashraf Zayn ad-Din Sha'ban (Sha'ban II) 29 مئی 1363[18] 15 مارچ 1377[18] Kipchak Turk Son of al-Amjad Husayn (d. 21 جنوری 1363)، the last surviving son of an-Nasir Muhammad who never reigned,[19] and Khawand Baraka.[20]  
26th Al-Malik al-Mansur Ala'a ad-Din Ali 15 مارچ 1377[18] 19 مئی 1381[18] Kipchak Turk Son of Sha'ban II. Was an infant during his accession, and real power was initially held by emirs Ibek and Qartay until the latter was ousted by the former. Ibek was later killed and power passed to سیف الدین برقوق، a former mamluk of Yalbugha an-Nasiri.  
27th Al-Malik as-Salih Salah ad-Din Hajji 19 مئی 1381[18] 26 نومبر 1382[18] Kipchak Turk Son of al-Ashraf Sha'ban. Was an infant during his succession and real power was held by Barquq.  

برجی مملوک ترمیم

  Salihi Mamluks   بحری مملوک   برجی مملوک

Number Royal title Name Reign start Reign end Ethnicity Background notes Coinage
28th Al-Malik az-Zahir سیف الدین برقوق 26 نومبر 1382[18] 1 جون 1389[18] Circassian A mamluk of Yalbugha al-Umari. Son of Anas, who was brought to Egypt by Barquq in 1381 and converted to Islam. First reign. Established the برجی مملوک۔  
29th Al-Malik as-Salih Salah ad-Din Hajji 1 جون 1389[18] جنوری 1390[18] Kipchak Turk Second reign. Installed during a rebellion against Barquq in which the latter was toppled.[18] When Barquq was restored, Hajji was allowed to continue residing in the قلعہ صلاح الدین ایوبی۔  
30th Al-Malik az-Zahir Sayf ad-Din Barquq 21 جنوری 1390[18] 20 جون 1399[18] Circassian Second reign.  
31st Al-Malik an-Nasir Nasir ad-Din Faraj 20 جون 1399[18] 20 ستمبر 1405[18] Circassian Son of Barquq.[18]  
32nd Al-Malik al-Mansur Izz ad-Din Abd al-Aziz 20 ستمبر 1405[18] نومبر 1405[18] Circassian Son of Barquq.[18]
33rd Al-Malik an-Nasir Nasir ad-Din Faraj نومبر 1405[18] 23 مئی 1412[18] Circassian Second reign.  
34th Al-Malik al-Adil Al-Musta'in Billah 23 مئی 1412[18] 6 نومبر 1412[18] عرب قوم The فہرست خلفائے عباسیہ in Cairo. He was appointed by the Burji emir Shaykh Mahmudi as a figurehead, but then compelled him to abdicate.[18]
35th Al-Malik al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh al-Mahmudi 6 نومبر 1412[18] 13 جنوری 1421[18] Circassian A mamluk of Barquq.  
36th Al-Malik al-Muzaffar Ahmad 13 جنوری 1421[18] 29 اگست 1421[18] Circassian Son of Shaykh. Was an infant during accession.
37th Al-Malik az-Zahir Sayf ad-Din Tatar 29 اگست 1421[18] 30 نومبر 1421[18] Circassian A mamluk of Barquq[21]
38th Al-Malik as-Salih An-Nasir ad-Din Muhammad 30 نومبر 1421[18] 1 اپریل 1422[18] Circassian Son of Tatar. Was an infant during accession.[18]
39th Al-Malik al-Ashraf Sayf ad-Din Barsbay 1 اپریل 1422[18] 7 جون 1438[18] Circassian A mamluk of Barquq.[21] He was a tutor of Muhammad before he toppled him.[18]  
40th Al-Malik al-Aziz Jamal ad-Din Abu al-Mahasin Yusuf 7 جون 1438[18] 9 ستمبر 1438[18] Circassian Son of Barsbay. Was a child during accession.
41st Al-Malik az-Zahir سیف الدین جقمق 9 ستمبر 1438[18] 1 فروری 1453[18] Circassian A mamluk of Barquq.[21]  
42nd Al-Malik al-Mansur Fakhr ad-Din Uthman 1 فروری 1453[18] 15 مارچ 1453[18] Circassian Son of Jaqmaq.[18]
43rd Al-Malik al-Ashraf سيف الدين اينال 15 مارچ 1453[18] 26 فروری 1461[18] Circassian A mamluk of Barquq.[21]  
44th Al-Malik al-Mu'ayyad Shihab ad-Din Ahmad 26 فروری 1461[18] 28 جون 1461[18] Circassian Son of Inal.[18]
45th Al-Malik az-Zahir Sayf ad-Din Khushqadam 28 جون 1461[18] 9 اکتوبر 1467[18] Greek[18] A mamluk of Shaykh.[21]  
45th Al-Malik az-Zahir Sayf ad-Din Bilbay 9 اکتوبر 1467[18] 4 دسمبر 1467[18] Circassian A mamluk of Shaykh.[22]
46th Al-Malik az-Zahir Timurbugha 4 دسمبر 1467[18] 31 جنوری 1468[18] Greek[23] A mamluk of Jaqmaq.[21]
47th Al-Malik al-Ashraf سیف الدین قایتبائی 31 جنوری 1468[18] 7 اگست 1496[18] Circassian A mamluk of Barsbay.[24]  
48th Al-Malik an-Nasir Muhammad 7 اگست 1496[18] 31 اکتوبر 1498[18] Circassian Son of Qa'itbay[18]
49th Al-Malik az-Zahir Abu Sa'id Qansuh 31 اکتوبر 1498[18] 30 جون 1500[18] Circassian A mamluk of Qa'itbay.[25]
50th Al-Malik al-Ashraf Abu al-Nasir Janbalat 30 جون 1500[18] 25 جنوری 1501[18] Circassian Originally a mamluk of Emir Yashbak min Mahdi, who gave Janbalat to Qa'itbay, who then freed him.[26]
51st Al-Malik al-Adil Sayf ad-Din Tumanbay 25 جنوری 1501[18] 20 اپریل 1501[18] Circassian A mamluk of Qa'itbay.[27]
52nd Al-Malik al-Ashraf الاشرف قانصوہ غوری 20 اپریل 1501[18] 24 اگست 1516[18] Circassian His mamluk origins are unclear, but he was trained in the Ghawr Barracks of Cairo, hence his name "al-Ghawri"۔[28] Prior to his accession to the sultanate, he was an emir of ten and a provincial governor.[28]
53rd Al-Malik al-Ashraf Tumanbay II 17 اکتوبر 1516[18] 15 اپریل 1517[18] Circassian Last Mamluk sultan.  

خائن احمد پاشا کا انقلاب ترمیم

آل محمد علی (1914ء–1922ء) ترمیم

مزید معلومات: آل محمد علی
  • Hussein Kamel (Sultan of Egypt and Sudan) – 19 دسمبر 1914 – 9 اکتوبر 1917
  • شاہ فواد اول (Sultan of Egypt and Sudan) – 9 اکتوبر 1917 – 16 مارچ 1922

مزید دیکھیے ترمیم

حوالہ جات ترمیم

  1. ^ ا ب Northrup 1998, p. 69.
  2. ↑ Northrup 1998, p. 70.
  3. ^ ا ب پ ت ٹ ث ج چ ح خ د ڈ ذ ر​ ڑ​ ز ژ س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق Stewart، John (2006). African States and Rulers. McFarland & Company. صفحہ 86. ISBN 978-0-7864-2562-4. 
  4. ^ ا ب Hathaway، Jane (2003). Tale of Two Factions, A: Myth, Memory, and Identity in Ottoman Egypt and Yemen. State University of New York Press. صفحات 50–52. ISBN 978-0-7914-8610-8. 
  5. ^ ا ب Northrup, ed. Petry 1998, p. 250.
  6. ↑ Northrup 1998, p. 71.
  7. ↑ Thorau، Peter (1992). The Lion of Egypt: Sultan Baybars I and the Near East in the Thirteenth Century. Longman. صفحہ 261. ISBN 978-0-582-06823-0. 
  8. ↑ Holt 2004, p. 99.
  9. ↑ Yosef 2012b، ص: 394۔
  10. ^ ا ب پ Northrup, ed. Petry 1998, p. 252.
  11. ^ ا ب پ ت Yosef 2012b، ص: 396۔
  12. ↑ Tarikh, Volumes 5-6: Peoples and Kingdoms of West Africa in the Pre-Colonial Period. Longman. 1974. صفحہ 9. ISBN 978-0-582-60873-3. 
  13. ^ ا ب پ Drory 2006, p. 20.
  14. ^ ا ب پ ت ٹ ث ج Bauden 2009, p. 63.
  15. ↑ Levanoni 1995, p. 102.
  16. ^ ا ب پ Drory 2006, p. 24.
  17. ↑ Drory 2006, p. 28.
  18. ^ ا ب پ ت ٹ ث ج چ ح خ د ڈ ذ ر​ ڑ​ ز ژ س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ک گ ل​ م​ ن و ہ ھ ی ے اا اب ات اث اج اح اخ اد اذ ار از اس اش اص اض اط اظ اع اغ اف اق اك ال ام ان اہ او ای ب​ا ب​ب ب​پ ب​ت ب​ٹ ب​ث ب​ج ب​چ ب​ح ب​خ ب​د ب​ڈ​ ب​ذ ب​ر​ ب​ڑ​ ب​ز ب​ژ ب​س ب​ش   چشولم، ہیو، ویکی نویس (1911ء). "Egypt/3 History". دائرۃ المعارف بریطانیکا (ایڈیشن 11ویں). کیمبرج یونیورسٹی پریس. 
  19. ↑ Holt, eds. Vermeulen and De Smet, p. 319.
  20. ↑ Al-Harithy، Howayda (2005). "Female Patronage of Mamluk Architecture in Cairo". In Sonbol، Amira El Azhary. Beyond The Exotic: Women's Histories In Islamic Societies. Syracuse University Press. صفحہ 332. ISBN 978-0-8156-3055-5. 
  21. ^ ا ب پ ت ٹ ث Garcin, ed. Petry 1998, p. 293.
  22. ↑ Levanoni, eds. Winter and Levanoni 2004, p. 82.
  23. ↑ Ali، Abdul (1996). Islamic Dynasties of the Arab East: State and Civilization During the Later Medieval Times. M.D. Publications Private Limited. صفحہ 64. ISBN 9788175330085. 
  24. ↑ Garcin, ed. Petry 1998, p. 295.
  25. ↑ Dobrowolski، Jarosław (2001). The Living Stones of Cairo. American University in Cairo Press. صفحہ 60. ISBN 9789774246326. 
  26. ↑ Mayer، L. A. (1933). Saracenic Heraldry: A Survey. Clarendon Press. صفحہ 127. 
  27. ↑ Garcin, ed. Petry 1998, p. 297.
  28. ^ ا ب Petry 1994, p. 20.
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