حرف صحیحs
|
---|
IPA |
Gurmukhi |
Shahmukhi |
English equivalent
|
---|
[[|b]]
|
ਬ |
ب |
abash
| p[[|˦]]
|
ਭ |
بھ |
Tonal p
| [[|d̪]] [1] |
ਦ |
د |
ado
| t̪[[|˦]] [1] |
ਧ |
دھ |
Tonal t̪
| [[|ɖ]] [1] |
ਡ |
ڈ |
guard
| ʈ[[|˦]] [1] |
ਢ |
ڈھ |
Tonal ʈ
| [[|dʒ]]
|
ਜ |
ج |
hedge
| tʒ[[|˦]]
|
ਝ |
جھ |
Tonal tʒ
| [[|f]]
|
ਫ਼ |
ف |
food
| [[|ɡ]]
|
ਗ |
گ |
agate
| gʰ[[|˦]]
|
ਘ |
گھ |
Tonal gʰ
| [[|ɦ]]
|
ਹ |
ہ |
ahead
| [[|j]]
|
ਯ |
ي |
yak
| [[|k]]
|
ਕ |
ک |
scan
| k[[|ʰ]]
|
ਖ |
کھ |
can
| [[|l]]
|
ਲ |
ل |
leaf
| [[|m]]
|
ਮ |
م |
much
| [[|n]]
|
ਨ |
ن |
not
| [[|ɳ]]
|
ਣ |
- |
burner
| [[|ŋ]]
|
ं |
- |
bank
| [[|p]]
|
ਪ |
پ |
span
| p[[|ʰ]]
|
ਫ |
پھ |
pan (often pronounced [f] in Punjabi)
| [[|q]]
|
ਕ਼ |
ق |
a k in the throat (Shamukhi; pronounced [k] in Gurmukhi)
| [[|ɾ]]
|
ਰ |
ر |
trilled r
| [[|ɽ]]
|
ੜ |
ڑ |
US: larder
| ɽ[[|ʱ]]
|
ੜ੍ਹ |
ڑھ |
as [ɽ] plus h
| [[|s]]
|
ਸ |
س |
sue
| [[|ʃ]]
|
ਸ਼ |
ش |
shoe
| [[|t̪]] [1] |
ਤ |
ت |
stable
| t̪[[|ʰ]] [1] |
ਥ |
تھ |
table
| [[|ʈ]] [1] |
ਟ |
ٹ |
art
| ʈ[[|ʰ]] [1] |
ਠ |
ٹھ |
art-historian
| [[|tʃ]]
|
ਚ |
چ |
catch
| tʃ[[|ʰ]]
|
ਛ |
چھ |
choose
| [[|ʋ]][2] |
ਵ |
و |
varies between w and v
| [[|x]]
|
ਖ਼ |
خ |
Bach (Shahmukhi; usually [kʰ] in Gurmukhi)
| [[|ɣ]]
|
ਗ਼ |
غ |
like a French r (Shahmukhi; usually [ɡ] in Gurmukhi). Close to uvular flap.
| [[|z]]
|
ਜ਼ |
ز |
zen
|
|
مصوتs
|
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IPA |
Gurmukhi |
Shahmukhi |
English equivalent
|
---|
[[|ɑː]]
|
ਆ, ਪਾ |
آ, ـا |
bra
| [[|eː]]
|
ਏ, ਪੇ |
ے |
between yell and Yale
| [[|ɛː]]
|
ਐ, ਪੈ |
yell
| [[|ə]]
|
ਅ, ਪ |
ـَ |
nut
| [[|iː]] [3] |
ਈ, ਪੀ |
ی |
feet
| [[|ɪ]] [3] |
ਇ, ਪਿ |
ـِ |
dill
| [[|oː]]
|
ਓ, ਪੋ |
و |
old
| [[|ɔː]]
|
ਔ, ਪੌ |
law
| [[|uː]] [3] |
ਊ, ਪੂ |
loot
| [[|ʊ]] [3] |
ਉ, ਪੁ |
ـُ |
look
| ̃
|
ੰ |
ں |
nasal vowel ([ãː], [õː], etc.)
|
Suprasegmentals
|
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IPA |
|
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[[|ˈ]]
|
stress (placed before stressed syllable)
| [[|ː]]
|
doubled consonant
|
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