معاونت:بین الاقوامی اصواتی ابجدیہ برائے ڈچ اور ایفریکانز

حرف صحیح
بـصـا	مثالیں	اردو قریباً
b	beet	ب	بین
d	dak	- ڈ - د (فلَیمِش)	- ڈاک - دن
f	fiets	ف	فلم
ɣ	gaan^[1]	غ	غلط
ɦ	had^[2]	ہ	حساب
j	jas	ی	یہ
k	kat	ک	اکثر
l	land	ل	لال
m	mens	م	میں
n	nek^[3]	ن	نیک
ŋ	eng	ن٘گ	رنگ
p	pen, rib^[4]	پ	پاکستان
r	ras^[5]	ر	رات
s	sok	س	سال
t	tak, had^[4]	- ٹ - ت (فلَْیمِش)	-ٹھیک -تاج
v	ver^[2]	و	واپس
ʋ	wang^[6]	و	واپس
x	acht^[7], weg^[4]	خ	ختم
z	zeep^[2]	ز	زیر
Marginal consonants
c	tientje, check	چ/ک (تقریباً)
ɡ	goal^[8]	گ	گویا
ɟ	Giovanni	چ/ج (تقریباً)
ɲ	oranje, Trijntje	نیْـ	انسانیت (تقریباً)
ʃ	sjabloon, chef^[9]	ش	شائد
ʒ	jury^[2]^[9]	ژ	ژوب
ʔ	beëindig^[10] [bəˈʔɛindəx]	ء	اِن شاء اللہ
Stress
ˈ	vóórkomen voorkómen^[11]
ˌ	vóórkomen voorkómen^[11]

مصوت
بـصـا	مثالیں	اردو قریباً
بـصـا	مثالیں	حرف مثال	لفظ مثال
Checked Vowels
ɑ	bad^[12]	اَ _{(تیزی سے) -} تقریباً
ɛ	bed	◌َ+ے _{(تیزی سے)}	شَہر
ɪ	vis	◌ِ	اِنسان
ɔ	bot	◌َ+و _{(تیزی سے)}	سَو
ʏ	hut
Free vowels^[13]
aː	aap^[12]	◌ٓ، ـا	آپ
eː	beet, ezel^[14]	ے	والے
i	diep	◌ِ+ی (تقریباً)	بھـ ـی
oː	boot^[14]	اُو، ◌ُو	جُھوٹ
y	fuut
øː	neus^[14]
u	hoed
ɛi	bijt, ei
œy	buit
ʌu	jou, dauw	◌َ+و+ؤ
ai	ai	اَ+ئی	نَئی
ɔi	hoi	و+ئی	کوئی
iu	nieuw	اِ+یُـ+ـؤ
yu	duw
ui	groei	اُو+ئی	ہُوئی
aːi	draai	آ+ئی	آئی
eːu	sneeuw	ے+◌ُ+و
oːi	nooit	و+ئی	روئی
ə	hemel	اَ، ◌َ	اَلف
Marginal vowels
ɛː	scène^[15]	◌َ+ے	مَیں
œː	freule^[15]
iː	analyse^[15]	◌ِ+ی	نِیلا
yː	centrifuge^[15]
ɑ̃ː	genre^[15]	آ+ـن٘ـ، آ+ں	مان٘گنا
ɛ̃ː	hautain^[15]	◌َ+ے+ں	ہَیں
ɔ̃ː	chanson^[15]	◌َ+و+ں
æ	slash^[15]	◌َ+ے - تقریباً (عربی الف)	کِتاب

|}

حوالہ جات

↑ In the North /ɣ/ is usually realized as [x] or [χ], whereas in the South the distinction between /ʝ/ and /ç/ has been preserved. See also Hard and soft G in Dutch.
^ ^ا ^ب ^پ ^ت In some northern dialects, the voiced fricatives have almost completely merged with the voiceless ones; /ɦ/ is usually realized as [h], /v/ is usually realized as [f], /z/ is usually realized as [s].
↑ The final ‹n› of the plural ending -en is usually not pronounced, except in the North East (Low Saxon) and the South West (East and West Flemish) where the ending becomes a syllabic [n̩] sound. In Afrikaans it is also dropped in the written language.
^ ^ا ^ب ^پ Dutch devoices all obstruents at the ends of words (e.g. a final /d/ becomes [t]). This is partly reflected in the spelling: the voiced ‹z› in plural huizen ('houses') becomes huis ('house') in singular, and duiven ('doves') becomes duif ('dove'). The other cases are always written with the voiced consonant, even though a devoiced one is actually pronounced: the voiced ‹d› in plural baarden [baːrdən] ('beards') is retained in the singular spelling baard ('beard'), but pronounced as [baːrt]; and plural ribben [rɪbən] ('ribs') has singular rib, pronounced as [rɪp]. Because of assimilation, often the initial consonant of the next word is also devoiced, e.g. het vee ('the cattle') is [ɦətfeː].
↑ The realization of the /r/ phoneme varies considerably from dialect to dialect. In "standard" Dutch, /r/ is realized as the alveolar trill [r] or as a uvular trill [ʀ]. In some dialects, it is realized as an alveolar tap [ɾ] or even as an alveolar approximant [ɹ].
↑ The realization of the /ʋ/ phoneme varies considerably from the Northern to the Southern and Belgium dialects of the Dutch language. In the north of the Netherlands, it is a labiodental approximant [ʋ]. In the south of the Netherlands and in Belgium, it is pronounced as a bilabial approximant [β̞] (as it also is in the Hasselt and Maastricht dialects), and Standard Belgian Dutch uses the voiced labiovelar approximant [w]
↑ The sound spelled ‹ch› is a voiceless velar fricative [x] or voiceless uvular fricative [χ] in Northern Dutch, and a voiceless palatal fricative [ç] in Southern Dutch, including all of Dutch-speaking Belgium. See also Hard and soft G in Dutch.
↑ /ɡ/ is not a native phoneme of Dutch or Afrikaans and only occurs in loanwords, like goal or when /k/ is voiced, like in zakdoek [zɑɡduk]. In Afrikaans it may occur as an allophone of /χ/
^ ^ا ^ب /ʃ/ and /ʒ/ are not native phonemes of Dutch, and usually occur in borrowed words, like show and bagage ('baggage'). Even then, they are usually realized as [sʲ] and [zʲ], respectively. However, /s/ + /j/ sequences in Dutch are often realized as [sʲ], like in the word huisje ('little house'). In dialects that merge /s/ and /z/, [zʲ] is often realized as [sʲ].^{[حوالہ درکار]}
↑ The glottal stop [ʔ] is not a separate phoneme in Dutch, but is inserted before vowel-initial syllables within words and often also at the beginning of a word.
↑ When the penultimate syllable is open, stress may fall on any of the last three syllables. When the penultimate syllable is closed, stress falls on either of the last two syllables. While stress is phonemic, minimal pairs are rare. For example vóórkomen /ˈvʊːrkoːmə(n)/ "to occur" and voorkómen /vʊːrˈkoːmə(n)/ "to prevent". In composite words, secondary stress is often present. Marking the stress in written Dutch is optional, never obligatory, but sometimes recommended.
^ ^ا ^ب نقص حوالہ: ٹیگ <ref>‎ درست نہیں ہے؛ aa نامی حوالہ کے لیے کوئی مواد درج نہیں کیا گیا۔ (مزید معلومات کے لیے معاونت صفحہ دیکھیے)۔
↑ The "checked" vowels /ɑ/, /ɛ/, /ɪ/, /ɔ/, and /ʏ/ occur only in closed syllables, while their "free" counterparts /aː/, /eː/, /i/, /oː/, and /y/ can occur in open syllables (as can the other vowels). These two sets also go by the names dull/sharp, dim/clear, lax/tense, closed/open, or short/long. One of each pair is pronounced slightly longer by many speakers, so the terms long and short traditionally used to explain the use of doubled consonants and vowels in the orthographic system.
^ ^ا ^ب ^پ When the vowels /eː/, /øː/ and /oː/ precede /r/, they are pronounced [ɪː], [ʏː] and [ʊː], respectively.
^ ^ا ^ب ^پ ^ت ^ٹ ^ث ^ج ^چ Found in loanwords. /æ/ is pronounced the same as /ɛ/ by many speakers.

[1] In the North /ɣ/ is usually realized as [x] or [χ], whereas in the South the distinction between /ʝ/ and /ç/ has been preserved. See also Hard and soft G in Dutch.

[fricatives-2] ا ^ب ^پ ^ت In some northern dialects, the voiced fricatives have almost completely merged with the voiceless ones; /ɦ/ is usually realized as [h], /v/ is usually realized as [f], /z/ is usually realized as [s].

[3] The final ‹n› of the plural ending -en is usually not pronounced, except in the North East (Low Saxon) and the South West (East and West Flemish) where the ending becomes a syllabic [n̩] sound. In Afrikaans it is also dropped in the written language.

[devoice-4] ا ^ب ^پ Dutch devoices all obstruents at the ends of words (e.g. a final /d/ becomes [t]). This is partly reflected in the spelling: the voiced ‹z› in plural huizen ('houses') becomes huis ('house') in singular, and duiven ('doves') becomes duif ('dove'). The other cases are always written with the voiced consonant, even though a devoiced one is actually pronounced: the voiced ‹d› in plural baarden [baːrdən] ('beards') is retained in the singular spelling baard ('beard'), but pronounced as [baːrt]; and plural ribben [rɪbən] ('ribs') has singular rib, pronounced as [rɪp]. Because of assimilation, often the initial consonant of the next word is also devoiced, e.g. het vee ('the cattle') is [ɦətfeː].

[5] The realization of the /r/ phoneme varies considerably from dialect to dialect. In "standard" Dutch, /r/ is realized as the alveolar trill [r] or as a uvular trill [ʀ]. In some dialects, it is realized as an alveolar tap [ɾ] or even as an alveolar approximant [ɹ].

[w-6] The realization of the /ʋ/ phoneme varies considerably from the Northern to the Southern and Belgium dialects of the Dutch language. In the north of the Netherlands, it is a labiodental approximant [ʋ]. In the south of the Netherlands and in Belgium, it is pronounced as a bilabial approximant [β̞] (as it also is in the Hasselt and Maastricht dialects), and Standard Belgian Dutch uses the voiced labiovelar approximant [w]

[ch-7] The sound spelled ‹ch› is a voiceless velar fricative [x] or voiceless uvular fricative [χ] in Northern Dutch, and a voiceless palatal fricative [ç] in Southern Dutch, including all of Dutch-speaking Belgium. See also Hard and soft G in Dutch.

[8] /ɡ/ is not a native phoneme of Dutch or Afrikaans and only occurs in loanwords, like goal or when /k/ is voiced, like in zakdoek [zɑɡduk]. In Afrikaans it may occur as an allophone of /χ/

[postalveolar-9] ا ^ب /ʃ/ and /ʒ/ are not native phonemes of Dutch, and usually occur in borrowed words, like show and bagage ('baggage'). Even then, they are usually realized as [sʲ] and [zʲ], respectively. However, /s/ + /j/ sequences in Dutch are often realized as [sʲ], like in the word huisje ('little house'). In dialects that merge /s/ and /z/, [zʲ] is often realized as [sʲ].^{[حوالہ درکار]}

[10] The glottal stop [ʔ] is not a separate phoneme in Dutch, but is inserted before vowel-initial syllables within words and often also at the beginning of a word.

[11] When the penultimate syllable is open, stress may fall on any of the last three syllables. When the penultimate syllable is closed, stress falls on either of the last two syllables. While stress is phonemic, minimal pairs are rare. For example vóórkomen /ˈvʊːrkoːmə(n)/ "to occur" and voorkómen /vʊːrˈkoːmə(n)/ "to prevent". In composite words, secondary stress is often present. Marking the stress in written Dutch is optional, never obligatory, but sometimes recommended.

[aa-12] ا ^ب نقص حوالہ: ٹیگ <ref>‎ درست نہیں ہے؛ aa نامی حوالہ کے لیے کوئی مواد درج نہیں کیا گیا۔ (مزید معلومات کے لیے معاونت صفحہ دیکھیے)۔

[checked-13] The "checked" vowels /ɑ/, /ɛ/, /ɪ/, /ɔ/, and /ʏ/ occur only in closed syllables, while their "free" counterparts /aː/, /eː/, /i/, /oː/, and /y/ can occur in open syllables (as can the other vowels). These two sets also go by the names dull/sharp, dim/clear, lax/tense, closed/open, or short/long. One of each pair is pronounced slightly longer by many speakers, so the terms long and short traditionally used to explain the use of doubled consonants and vowels in the orthographic system.

[rhotic-14] ا ^ب ^پ When the vowels /eː/, /øː/ and /oː/ precede /r/, they are pronounced [ɪː], [ʏː] and [ʊː], respectively.

[loanwords-15] ا ^ب ^پ ^ت ^ٹ ^ث ^ج ^چ Found in loanwords. /æ/ is pronounced the same as /ɛ/ by many speakers.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

د ب ت آئی پی اے کلید
افریکانز البانوی امہری عربی مصری حجازی تونسی آرامی آرمینیائی آسامی آستوریائی آسٹریلوی زبانیں آزربائیجانی باسک بیلاروسی بنگالی بربر بریٹن بلغاری برمی کاتالان چینی مینڈارن کینٹنی تائیوانی ہاکیئن کارسیکائی چیک اورسلوواک ڈینش فارسی دوتھراکی ڈچ انگریزی انگریزی لہجات قدیم انگریزی اسپرانتو استونیائی اکستریمادوری فجی فنش فرانکو-پروینسال فرانسیسی فریسی زاترلانڈ مغربی گالیسیائی ترکمان جارجیائی جرمن جرمن المانی یونانی گوارانی گجراتی ہیٹی کریول ہوائی عبرانی ہندی مجارستانی آئس لینڈی مالے انوکٹیٹوٹ انوپیاک آئرش اطالوی جاپانی خودئیو-ہسپانوی کنڑا کیرن کشمیری قازق خمیر کلینگون کوریائی کؤری-وینی کردی لاؤ لاطینی لیٹویائی لاز لتھووینیائی معاونت:بین الاقوامی اصواتی ابجدیہ/لگژمبرگی مقدونیائی مالاگاسی مالے ملیالم مالٹی مانچو مینکس ماوری مارشلی مایائی منگرلیئن منگولی میراندی ناواتال ناواہو ناپولی نیپالی شمالی تھائی نارویجن آکسیٹان اڑیہ اورومو اوسیشیائی فارسی پولش پرتگیزی پنجابی کیچوا ریپواری کولونی رومانیائی رومانش روسی سنسکرت کلاسیکی ساردینیائی سکاٹش گیلک سربی کروشیائی شان سلوواک سلووین ہسپانوی سوان سواحلی سوازی سونسکا تگالوگ تائی لو تاجک تمل تھائی تبتی تیگرینیا ترکی ترکمان یوکرینی وینسی ویتنامی والون واندامین ویلزی نگونی یدیش زولو
موازنہ	کے ساتھ انگریزی کنونشن دوبارہ ہجے تلفظ کلید دیگر کے ساتھ دوبارہ ہجے کیلد
تعارفی ہدایات	با ابجدیہ انگریزی بولنے والوں کے لیے کتابچہ طرز: تلفظ