سانچہ:Inline audio The charts below show the way in which the بین الاقوامی صوتیاتی ابجد represents کولونی لہجہ pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

See Colognian phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Colognian.

حرف صحیحs
IPA Colognian examples English approximation
[[|b]] Ball, dubbel ball
[[|d]] dann, Saddel done
[[|dʒ]] Dschungel, wadschele jungle
[[|f]] F, Waffel fuss
[[|ɡ]] waggele gust
[[|h]] hatt, Buhai, Bah hut
[[|ɧ]] Schimie, Weechter, biestig bush
[[|j]][1] Jack, wääje yuck
[[|ʒ]][1] Geniere, nuschele pleasure
[[|k]] K, frickele, Pek kiss
[[|l]] Lack, welle luck
[[|m]] Mai, summe, öm may
[[|n]] Noht, Jewenner, Sun not
[[|ŋ]] senge, lang long
[[|p]] Peck, Appel, Kapp peck
[[|ʁ]] Rään, ware guttural r
[[|s]] faste, Baß bus
[[|ʃ]] schäl, sche, sch bush
[[|t]] Toon, tte, tt tone
[[|ts]] Zupp, tze, Fuz pizza
[[|tʃ]] tschö Click the icon to hear the word!, letsche, Matsch chat
[[|v]] Vas, övver vast
[[|w]] wat will
[[|x]] Woche, Loch Scottish loch
[[|z]] Sunn, sse zone
[[|ʔ]] |it, be|erdije, perdü| the "catch" in uh-oh!
Stress
IPA Colognian examples English approximation Explanation
[[|ˈ]] Bahnhoffstrohße intonation primary stress
[[|ˌ]] Bahnhoffstrohße intonation secondary stress
مصوتs
IPA Colognian examples English approximation
[[|aː]] Plaat, Bar bra
[[|a]] Ax, spack, Oppa
[[|eː]] Elend, Feez, Kannapee somewhat like play
[[|e]] enjonn, seze bed
[[|ɛː]] Ääpel, Pääd, nää Click the icon to hear the word! like bed, but long
[[|ɛ]] Eck, hätt, dä! bed
[[|iː]] Ieß, Pief, di eat
[[|i]] Idee, Dialäk, mi city
[[|ɪ]] in, Friko, bei sit
[[|ɔː]] Ooß, Pooz, booh bore
[[|ɔ]] offe, doll, mer on
[[|œː]] Ööschel, pöze, Blööh somewhat like urgent
[[|œ]] Öschel, Pött
[[|øː]] Ööz, kööze, bleu
[[|ø]] Öllije, Kött, pö-a-pö
[[|oː]] Ooschel, koot go
[[|o]] op, lovve, do hot
[[|ʊː]] Pattevuel took
[[|ʊ]] us, Hunk, do
[[|uː]] uze, Pluute, Schmu ooze
[[|u]] Ussel, Fuz took
[[|yː]] üüßerlech, süht somewhat like cute
[[|y]] üvver, müje
[[|ʏ]] üch, tüntele, Späu
ei, Eiter, Weihnaach, zwei I, idle, byte, tie
aʊː Auto, Strauß, mau out, tower, how
Auflach, Zauß, Schabau
ei, eins, Zeidung, sei alien, mania, bay
iɐ̯ Liehr similar to dear
Auge, Baum, hau similar to over, stow
ɔʏ Europpa, Schnäuzer, Heu similar to oil, boy
øʏ Sträuf, Späu
Vowels with Schleifton[2]
[[|a]][[|ˑ]] Ahle, Bahn bra
[[|e]][[|ˑ]] Beet somewhat like play
[[|ɛ]][[|ˑ]] äänz, Nähl bed
[[|i]][[|ˑ]] ieser, Dier, auwieh! eat
[[|ɔ]][[|ˑ]] Ohß, Pohl, jo bore
[[|œ]][[|ˑ]] Öl, Pöhl somewhat like urgent
[[|ø]][[|ˑ]] ömjonn, Rösje, Bröh
[[|o]][[|ˑ]] Ohm, Dooch, Nivoh go
[[|ʊ]][[|ˑ]] Bunn took
[[|u]][[|ˑ]] Uhr, Bud, esu ooze
[[|y]][[|ˑ]] Üül, Lüüß, perdü somewhat like cute
aɪˑ Eier, Weiher, Pavei I, idle, byte, tie
aʊˑ zaubere, Kakau out, tower, how
eɪˑ eine, zeije, Schnei alien, mania, bay
ɪˑɐ̯ Zottier similar to dear
oʊˑ Aug, sauge, Hau similar to over, stow
ɔʏˑ Häuche, Häu similar to oil, boy
øʏˑ Äujelche, Bäum, neu Click the icon to hear the word!
Reduced vowels
[[|ɐ]] verdonn, Vatter fun
[[|ə]] e, en, bedon, de about
  1. ^ ا ب The phone [ʒ] occurs also often as a positional allophone of [j] when a final [ʃ] or [ɧ] of a word stem is either followed by a vowel of a grammatical suffix or becomes voiced under the influence of a liaison or due to coarticulation. Under normal circumstances, [j] is used to transcribe these.
  2. The symbol "[[|ˑ]]" marks the segment preceding it, beginning with the last preceding vowel, as bearing Schleifton. Schleifton is a tonal accent, unknown to English, having various properties:
    • Stress. Unless its syllable has a primary or secondary stress mark, Schleifton always carries a 3rd level stress.
    • Length. Usually, the length of a single vowel with Schleifton is between 'long' and 'short'. An English example would be between "poll" and "Paul" in length.
    • Suprasegmentality. Although basically put on vowels and diphthongs, Schleifton may extend into, or occasionally move onto sonorants following them.
    • Tonal shape or contour. There are broad variations, following a somewhat complicated scheme of positional, segmental, suprasegmental, stress, and syntactic dependencies. As a rule of thumb the contour always ends at a different pitch than it begins with, it always has at least a rise+fall or fall+rise pattern, sometimes both, and it always incorporates changes of volume with a quick attack at the beginning, followed by a release which may result in a brief phase of silence, and a return to normal volume at the end.
    There are three circumstances in which Schleifton accents occur:
    1. Syntax. In rare occasions, a Schleifton may appear in a sentence or phrase as a result of the rules governing stress patterns or melodies of speech.
    2. قواعدِ زبان. Some Schleiftons are grammatical. Their presence or absence within some words distinguishes واحد اور جمعs from Singulars, or comparisons in the same way, Umlauts or endings may do with other words.
    3. Lexeme. Other Schleifton occurrences distinguish otherwise unrelated words from each other.

Bibliography ترمیم

  • Fritz Hoenig: Wörterbuch der Kölner Mundart. 2nd edition, 1905. Köln.
  • Georg Heike: Zur Phonologie der Stadtkölner Mundart. Eine experimentelle Untersuchung der akustischen Unterscheidungsmerkmale. In:Deutsche Dialektgeographie, volume57, Elwert-Verlag, Marburg 1964
  • Claudia Froitzheim: Artikulationsnormen der Umgangssprache in Köln. In:Continuum, Schriftenreihe zur Linguistik, volume2. Narr, Tübingen, 1984, آئی ایس بی این 3-87808-332-7 (Also Dissertation at the کولون یونیورسٹی, 1983).
  • Adam Wrede: Neuer Kölnischer Sprachschatz. 12thedition, 1999. 3volumes, 1168pages. Greven Verlag, Köln. آئی ایس بی این 3-7743-0243-X
  • Christa Bhatt, Alice Herrwegen: Das Kölsche Wörterbuch. 2ndedition, 2005. J. P. Bachem-Verlag, Köln. آئی ایس بی این 3-7616-1942-1

For another simpler صوتیہ writing system of West Middle German and Meuse-Rhenish including Colognian, see: