ویکیپیڈیا

غیر تسلیم شدہ تاریخی ریاستوں کی فہرست

یہ فہرست تاریخی غیر تسلیم شدہ ریاستیں ہے۔

تاریخی غیر تسلیم شدہ یا جزوی تسلیم شدہ ریاستیں جنہیں اپنے علاقے پر درحقیقت اختیار تھا

ترمیم

افریقہ

ترمیم
نام مدت موجودہ نوٹس
Andries Ohringstad   اندریس-اوہریگستاد جمہوریہ 1845 اب حصہ جنوبی افریقا [1]
Anjouan   انجوان 1997
2008 		اب حصہ اتحاد القمری [2]
Azawad   ازواد 2012 اب حصہ مالی [3]
Biafra   بيافرا 1967 حصہ نائجیریا [4]
Bophuthatswana   بپھوتھاٹسوانا،
  سسکئی،
  ٹرانسکئی،
  وینڈا 		1977
1981
1976
1979 		اب تمام جنوبی افریقہ کا حصہ [5]
Cabinda   Republic of Cabinda 1975 اب حصہ انگولہ [6]
Goshen   State of Goshen 1882 اب حصہ جنوبی افریقا [7]
Griqualand East Griqualand West (New Griqualand) 1861 اب حصہ جنوبی افریقا [8]
Griqualand West Griqualand West 1813 اب حصہ جنوبی افریقا [9]
Graaff-Reinet  Republic of Graaff-Reinet 1795 اب حصہ جنوبی افریقا [10]
Jubaland   جوبالینڈ 1998 اب حصہ جنوب مغربی صومالیہ [11]
Katanga سانچہ:Country data Katanga Katanga 1960 حصہ جمہوری جمہوریہ کانگو [12]
Klein Vrystaat  Republic of Klein Vrystaat (Little Republic) 1886 اب حصہ جنوبی افریقا [13]
Klipdrift Republic Klipdrift Republic 1870 اب حصہ جنوبی افریقا [14]
Lydenburg  Lydenburg Republic 1856 اب حصہ جنوبی افریقا [15]
Mahdist State   Mahdist State 1885–1889 اب حصہ سوڈان [16]
Martyazo   Republic of Martyazo 1972 اب حصہ برونڈی [17]
Moheli   موہیلی 1997 اب حصہ اتحاد القمری [18]
M'Simbati   Sultanate of M'Simbati 1959 اب حصہ تنزانیہ [19]
Natalia   Natalia Republic 1839 اب حصہ جنوبی افریقا [20]
Nieuwe Republiek   Nieuwe Republiek (New Republic) 1884 اب حصہ جنوبی افریقا [21]
Potchefstroom   پاٹشیفٹسروم 1830 اب حصہ جنوبی افریقا [22]
Rhodesia   رودسیا 1965 اب زمبابوے [23]
Rif   جمہویہ ریف 1921 حصہ مراکش [24]
Rwenzururu   Kingdom of Rwenzururu 1963 اب حصہ یوگنڈا [25]
Somaliland  ریاست صومالی لینڈ 1960 اب حصہ صومالیہ [26][27]
South Kasai   South Kasai 1960 اب حصہ جمہوری جمہوریہ کانگو [28]
Stellaland  Republic of Stellaland 1882 اب حصہ جنوبی افریقا [29]
Stellaland State  United States of Stellaland 1883 اب حصہ جنوبی افریقا [30]
Swellendam  Republic of Swellendam 1795 اب حصہ جنوبی افریقا [31]
Tripolitanian Republic  Tripolitanian Republic 1918 اب حصہ لیبیا [32]
Utrect  Utrecht Republic 1854 اب حصہ جنوبی افریقا [33]
Winburg   Winburg Republic 1836 اب حصہ جنوبی افریقا [34]
Winburg-Potchefstroom   Potchefstroom 1838 اب حصہ جنوبی افریقا [35]
Zanzibar and Pemba   عوامی جمہوریہ زنجبار و پیمبا 1964 اب حصہ تنزانیہ [36]
Zimbabwe Rhodesia   زمبابوے رودسیا 1979 اب زمبابوے [37]
Zoutpansberg   Zoutpansberg Republic 1857 اب حصہ جنوبی افریقا [38]

امریکین

ترمیم
نام مدت موجودہ نوٹس
Acre   Republic of Acre 1899–1903 اب حصہ برازیل A trio of attempts to free Acre from Bolivia. Each attempt was defeated, but part of Acre was turned over to Brazilian control after the final attempt.
Airrecú  Republic of Airrecú 1993 اب حصہ نکاراگوا Relations between کوسٹاریکا and نکاراگوا have traditionally been strained. This situation was not improved when the Costa Rican government granted land rights to settlers along the San Juan River, which forms part of the border between Costa Rica and Nicaragua. A dispute ended with Costa Rica acknowledging that the territory in fact belonged to Nicaragua, and promising to remove the settlers. The settlers, however, refused to leave. In June 1993, they declared their independence as the Republic of Airrecú, which means "friendship" in a local Indian language. The Nicaraguan Army immediately descended upon the area and escorted the Republic into Costa Rica.
Anguilla   Republic of Anguilla 1967–1969 Now a برطانوی سمندر پار علاقے Created due to opposition to a union with modern سینٹ کیٹز و ناویس. It ceased to exist after being occupied by the برطانوی فوج.
Alabama   Alabama Republic 1861 Now حصہ the United States Secessionist republic declared January 11, 1861 when Alabama seceded from the United States. It only lasted a month before being a founding member of the Confederate States of America.
Anguilla   Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia 1860–1862 اب حصہ ارجنٹائن and چلی Set up by a French adventurer who tried to gain legitimacy for his state only to be denied. The self-proclaimed kingdom was mostly a legal fiction and did only loosely controlled a small portion of the territory of it claimed. In fact the نقشے warlords that submitted to it were totally autonomous, and used the kingdom only as pretext to obtain foreign support. It was conquered and partitioned by Chile and Argentina.
Baja California, Sonora   جمہوریہ باجا کیلیفورنیا 1853–1854 اب حصہ میکسیکو The filibuster William Walker took control of La Paz, the capital of the sparsely populated Baja California, and 200 more men joined him. Walker declared La Paz the capital of a new Republic of Baja California, with himself as president and a constitution copied from that of لوویزیانا. Although he never gained control of سونورا, less than three months later, he pronounced Baja California part of the larger Republic of Sonora.
Sonora   Republic of Sonora 1854 اب حصہ میکسیکو A lesser to William Walker's جمہوریہ باجا کیلیفورنیا, it was a merger between that and سونورا.
California   California Republic 1846 اب حصہ ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکا Formed during an Anglo-American revolt in Mexican California during the Mexican-American War. This "state" never actually possessed a high level of organization, and was only in existence for a matter of weeks before the rebels deferred to the US government and American troops.
Confederate States of America   Confederate States of America 1861–1865 اب حصہ ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکا Originally formed by seven states (جنوبی کیرولائنا, مسیسپی, فلوریڈا, الاباما, Georgia, ٹیکساس, and لوویزیانا). After the امریکی خانہ جنگی began, the states of ورجینیا, ٹینیسی, آرکنساس, and شمالی کیرولائنا joined. Though not recognized as a sovereign nation, the Confederacy was recognized by some nations as a "belligerent power". Reintegrated into the United States.
Florida   Republic of Florida 1861 اب حصہ United States Secessionist state established January 10, 1861, when Florida seceded from the United States. Only lasted a month before being a founding member of the Confederate States of America.
Independent Guyana   Republic of Independent Guyana 1886–1891 حصہ اماپا, برازیل Established by French settlers in defiance of both France and Brazil
Indian Stream  Republic of Indian Stream 1832–1835 اب حصہ ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکا Annexed by the United States. Within the state of نیو ہیمپشائر.
Juliana   Juliana Republic 1839 حصہ برازیل Today's سانتا کاتارینا (ریاست)
Los Altos   Republic of Los Altos 1837–1840, 1847 اب حصہ گواتیمالا The United Provinces of Central America were riven by strife for much of their existence. گواتیمالا’s ruling class was appalled by the thought of an illiterate and brutish peasant Governor Rafael Carrera, and led the six western provinces into secession. The new state of Los Altos, under Liberal leadership, appealed for recognition to the UPCA. In January of 1840, Carrera reconquered Los Altos, and then defeated the UPCA’s army in March, sounding the death knell for the United Provinces. Los Altos rebelled again when Carrera declared گواتیمالا an independent republic in 1847, but was again rapidly crushed.
Louisiana   Republic of Louisiana 1861 اب حصہ United States Secessionist state formed on January 11, 1861 when Louisiana seceded from the United States. It only lasted two and a half weeks before joining the Confederate States of America on February 8, 1861.
Madawaska Republic of Madawaska 1827–1842 Now divided between کینیڈا and the ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکا Within the provinces of نیو برنزویک and کیوبیک and the state of مینے
Manitobah  Republic of Manitobah 1867–1869 اب حصہ کینیڈا Within the province of مانیٹوبا
Mississippi   Republic of Mississippi 1861 اب حصہ United States Secessionist state established January 9, 1861 when Mississippi seceded from the United States. It only lasted a month before joining the Confederate States of America
Muskogee   State of Muskogee 1799–1802 حصہ the ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکا A ریاستہائے متحدہ میں مقامی امریکی state in فلوریڈا; consisted of several tribes of Creeks and Seminoles. Annexed by the United States.
Piratini   Piratini Republic 1836–1845 حصہ Brazil Today's جنوبی ریو گرانڈی
Rio Grande   Republic of the Río Grande 1840 اب حصہ United States and Mexico Consisted part of southern ٹیکساس and the 3 Mexican states of كواہويلا, نیوو لیون and تاماولیپاس
South Carolina   Republic of South Carolina 1860-61 اب حصہ United States Secessionist state established on December 20, 1860 when South Carolina became the first state to secede from the United States. It lasted a month and a half before being a founding member of the Confederate States of America
South Haiti  Republic of South Haiti 1810 اب حصہ Haiti Haiti declared its independence in 1804 under Jean Jacques Dessalines. That same year, Dessalines declared himself Emperor. After his assassination in 1806, Haiti was divided between the Republic of ہیٹی in the south and the Kingdom of ہیٹی, under Henry Christophe, in the north. The situation was further complicated by the secession of South Haiti in the southwest corner of the country under André Rigaud in 1810. His own republic contained the former Maroon enclave of La Grande'Anse under Goman, who was allied with King Henry. A few months after Rigaud seized power, he died, and South Haiti rejoined the Republic. In 1820, Henry Christophe committed suicide. ہیٹی was reunited soon afterwards.
South Peru, North Peru and Confederacy

  Republic of South Peru,   Republic of North Peru and  Peru–Bolivian Confederation

1836–1839 اب حصہ Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, Ecuador and Peru The Peru–Bolivian Confederation (or Confederacy) was a confederate state that existed in South America between 1836 and 1839. Its first and only head of state, titled "Supreme Protector", was the Bolivian president, Marshal Andrés de Santa Cruz. The confederation was a loose union between the states of پیرو (by this time divided into a Republic of North Peru and a Republic of South Peru, which included the capital تاکنا) and بولیویا.
  Republic of Texas 1861 اب حصہ United States Texas seceded from the United States on February 1, 1861 and lasted as an independent state for a month before joining the Confederate States of America.

Not to be confused with the earlier (1836–1845), partially recognized جمہویہ ٹیکساس.

Trinidad   Principality of Trinidad 1893–1895 حصہ Brazil American James Harden-Hickey divorced his wife in 1893 (1894?) and announced his intention to move to India and take up a life of Hindu asceticism. On the trip there, a storm forced his ship aground on the island of Trinidad (no relation to the Caribbean Trinidad) in the South Atlantic. Seeing that the island was uninhabited, Harden-Hickey declared himself Prince James I of Trinidad and advertised for settlers in the London Times. The following year, the برطانیہ annexed the island in order to anchor a transatlantic telegraph cable. Prince James was encouraged, hoping that the cable would bring the attention he needed to start his reign. However, the plan was scrapped and برازیل annexed the island again in 1897.
Vermont   Vermont Republic 1777–1791 اب حصہ United States Became the State of ورمونٹ
Watauga  Watauga Association 1772–1778 اب حصہ United States Annexed into the State of شمالی کیرولائنا
West Florida   Free and Independent Republic of West Florida 1810 اب حصہ United States Republic consisting of parts of لوویزیانا, مسیسپی and الاباما. Annexed during the presidency of جیمز میڈیسن.
Yucatán سانچہ:Country data Republic of Yucatán 1841–1843 & 1846–1848 حصہ Mexico A state from 1841 to 1848, it was proclaimed after the Mexican government tried to centralize and tried to join the US during the Mexican-American War it was rejected and joined a federal Mexico after the war ended. A revolt in یوکتان in 1916, led by Felipe Cerillo but with active Mayan involvement, effectively separated the region from the weak Mexican state. On 3 April 1916 Carillo declared the independence of the Socialist Republic of Yucatan, but the Republic failed to garner much support, and was quickly overrun by Mexican forces.[39][40]

ایشیا

ترمیم
نام مدت موجودہ نوٹس
Aceh   Sultanate of Aceh 1874–1904 اب حصہ انڈونیشیا A سلطانate in modern Indonesia it was later conquered by the Dutch after four hundred years.
Alash   الاش خود مختاری 1917–1920 اب حصہ قازقستان and کرغیزستان درحقیقت self-governing autonomous region.
Ararat   جمہوریہ ارارات 1927–1930 اب حصہ ترکی One of the first Kurdish republics in history, founded in صوبہ آغری, Turkey.
Republic of Aras فائل:Republic of Aras flag.jpg Republic of Aras 1918–1919 اب حصہ آذربائیجان Established during the روسی خانہ جنگی, this state only lasted several months.[41]
Azerbaijan People's Government   Azerbaijan People's Government 1945–1946 اب حصہ ایران Soviet puppet state set up in آذربائیجان (ایران) but later reclaimed by Iran.
Bangsamoro Republik سانچہ:Country data Bangsamoro Republik Bangsamoro Republik 2013 اب حصہ فلپائن Following the defeat in Zamboanga City by the فلپائن on September 28, 2013, the مورو قومی محاذ آزادی no longer controls any territory openly anywhere and the Bangsamoro Republic has ceased to exist.
Republic of Biak-na-Bato   Republic of Biak-na-Bato 1897 اب حصہ فلپائن Secessionist state that later joined the First Philippine Republic.
Chinese Soviet Republic   چینی سوویت جمہوریہ 1931–1937 اب حصہ چین Recognised by the چین (1949 - ) as a "rehearsal" of the PRC and a "cradle" in which the Communist Party seized power.
Dadra and Nagar Haveli   دادرا و نگر حویلی 1954–1961 اب حصہ بھارت Territory made up of two former exclaves of the دمن ضلع، بھارت (پرتگیزی ہند). In 1954, it was invaded and occupied by supporters of their integration in the Indian Union. Thereafter and until formal annexation by India in 1961, it enjoyed a de facto independence. Portugal continued to consider Dadra and Nagar Haveli as Portuguese territory until 1974. The native citizens of the territory continued to be entitled to the grant of Portuguese citizenship until 2006.
Democratic Republic of Yemen   Democratic Republic of Yemen 1994 اب حصہ یمن Breakaway state formed during the 1994 civil war in Yemen. It only lasted six weeks before being reconquered.
East Timor   مشرقی تیمور 1975 Now independent Former پرتگیزی سلطنت of پرتگال. Declaration of independence in November 28, 1975, recognized by six states (Albania, Cape Verde, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe). Invaded and annexed by Indonesia in December, 1975. اقوام متحدہ, Portugal and most of the states didn't recognized Indonesian annexation and continued to consider East Timor as Portuguese territory until its definitive independence in 2002.
East Turkestan 1   جمہوریہ شرقی ترکستان اول 1933–1934 اب حصہ چین Set up as part of the movement for an independent مشرقی ترکستان it was defeated by the Nationalists.
East Turkestan 2   جمہوریہ شرقی ترکستان دوم 1944–1949 اب حصہ چین Soviet satellite state set up in East Turkestan; the Soviets later turned against it and approved its annexation by China.
Ezo   Republic of Ezo 1869 اب حصہ جاپان Set up in ہوکائیدو by supporters of the Tokugawa clan following the fall of the توکوگاوا شوگون شاہی after the Boshin War and بحالی میجی; they received support from France but only lasted five months.
Formosa   جمہوریہ فارموسا 1895 Now base of the Taiwan, تائیوان Declared independence upon cession of جمہوریۂ چین to Japan following the پہلی چین جاپانی جنگ.
Free Lebanon State 1979–1984 اب حصہ لبنان In 1976, as a result of the ongoing civil war, the Lebanese army began to break up. Major Saad Haddad, commanding an army battalion in the south which had been part of the Army of Free Lebanon, broke away and founded a group known as the Free Lebanon Army (FLA). The FLA fought against various groups including the تنظیم آزادی فلسطین (PLO), the Amal Movement and (after the جنگ لبنان 1982) the emerging حزب اللہ. The جنوبی لبنان تنازعہ 1978ء allowed the Free Lebanon Army to gain control over a much wider area in southern Lebanon. On April 18, 1979 Haddad proclaimed the area controlled by his force "Independent State of Free Lebanon" (Dawlet Lebnaan El Horr El Mest’ell) with the capital بیروت, though his actual headquarters were in Marjayoun. In May 1980, " Free Lebanon Army" was renamed "South Lebanon Army". The statehood claim was downplayed following the death of Haddad in 1984, though his successor Antouan Lahed continued to exercise some authority in Southern Lebanon until the year 2000. On 24 May 2000, following Israeli withdrawal and final collapse of the SLA, Lebanese forces occupied the small town Marjayoun, which was the "capital" of southern Lebanon.
People's Republic of Inner Mongolia   Inner Mongolian People's Republic 1945 اب حصہ چین During the دوسری جنگ عظیم when the Japanese support in اندرونی منگولیا was established puppet state Mengjiang. Once in August 1945 it was destroyed by Soviet and Mongolian troops, September 9, 1945 in Sunid Yutsi - held Congress of People's Representatives and aimags khoshuns Inner Mongolia. Held three days of the Congress proclaimed the establishment of the People's Republic of Inner Mongolia and elected interim government. In November the Chinese Communist Party managed to bring the situation under control, and reorganized the Provisional Government of the People's Republic of Inner Mongolia in Mongolian Autonomous Government.
Fuijian People's Government   Fujian People's Government 1933–1934 اب حصہ چین Formed following the Fuijian Incident, when the formerly 19th Route Army of the قومی انقلابی فوج broke with commander چیانگ کائی شیک and declared a new government. Although originally enjoying popular support the government lost favour and was crushed by Kuomintang forces in 1934.
Hyderabad   مملکت آصفیہ 1947–1948 Now is split up among تلنگانہ, مہاراشٹر and کرناٹک states of بھارت One of Britain's numerous client rulers in central India, the Prince of Hyderabad, being Muslim, refused to acknowledge the new Indian government following independence in 1947. Indian troops invaded Hyderabad and rapidly forced its capitulation in 1948.
Kalat   خانیت قلات 1947–1948 اب حصہ بلوچستان (خطہ) province in پاکستان Kalat was a نوابی ریاست in بلوچستان ایجنسی, the one of the agencies of برطانوی ہند کے صوبے اور علاقے. The Khan of Baluchistan declared his nation's independence on August 15, 1947, one day after بھارت and پاکستان declared independence. From 15 August 1947 to 27 March 1948, the region was de facto independent before acceding to Pakistan on 27 March 1948. After intense diplomatic pressure, the Khan relented and acceeded Baluchistan to Pakistan in 1948.
Kurdistan   مملکت کردستان 1921–1924 اب حصہ عراق Establishment by Kurdish nationalists following the collapse of Ottoman Turkey but were defeated by Britain and incorporated into the British Mandate of Mesopotamia.
Lanfang  Lanfang Republic 1777–1884 اب حصہ انڈونیشیا Established by Chinese in Indonesia as the Dutch began to conquer Indonesia to protect the ethnic Chinese it was a tributary state of the چنگ خاندان in Imperial China; but the Qing Dynasty weakened and it was conquered by the Dutch who added it to colonies.
Mahabad   جمہوریہ مہاباد 1946–1947 اب حصہ ایران Declared independence from Iran, but then occupied by Iran after the withdraw of the Soviet سرخ فوج from northern Iran and Demolishing of Azerbaijan People's Government.
Manchukuo   مانچوکؤ 1932–1945 حصہ چین Puppet state under Japanese control.
Mongolian People's Republic   منگولیا 1932–1945 Now independent Was not recognized by several countries from 1940 to 1960 due to being claimed as an integral part of the Republic of China.[42]
Ararat   Republic of Mountainous Armenia 1921 اب حصہ آرمینیا and the de facto جمہوریہ نگورنو کاراباخ Was an anti-Soviet Armenian state existed from 26 April until 13 July 1921, roughly corresponding with the territory that is now the present-day آرمینیاn provinces of Vayots Dzor and Syunik, and some parts of the present-day جمہوریہ نگورنو کاراباخ.[43]
Negros   Cantonal Republic of Negros 1898–1901 اب حصہ فلپائن. Declared independence and aligned itself with the First Philippine Republic. Later, it was recognized by the United States, however the government was dissolved by the Americans in 1901.
Persian SSR   فارسی اشتراکی سوویت جمہوریہ 1920–1921 Now صوبہ جیلان province in Iran Created by local guerilleros (Jangali) when Red Army troops entered Iran, but failed to spread the revolutionary movement over the whole Iran
Philippines   First Philippine Republic 1899–1901 اب حصہ فلپائن Existed as an unrecognized independent state from its declaration on June 12, 1898, up to the Treaty of Paris on December 10, by which Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States. It was formally established with the proclamation of the Malolos Constitution on January 23, 1899, in Malolos, Bulacan, and pursued an unsuccessful war of independence against the United States in the فلپائن پر امریکی قبضہ
Philippines   Second Philippine Republic 1943–1945 Now the فلپائن The Second Philippine Republic, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines or known in the Philippines as Japanese-sponsored Philippine Republic, was a puppet state established on October 14, 1943, during the Japanese occupation.
Sedang   Kingdom of Sedang 1888–1889 اب حصہ Socialist Republic of Vietnam Charles David Mayréna was born in فرانس in 1842, he stopped in ویتنام 1884 and started a plantation. In 1888, the King of Siam began claiming territory west of French territory. Anxious, the Governor of the Indochinese Union agreed to Mayréna's proposed expedition to the interior. When Mayréna reached the central highlands, he organized the local tribes into the Kingdom of Sedang, and declared himself King Marie I. He offered to cede his kingdom to France in exchange for monopoly rights. When the French government became understandably chilly, Mayréna approached the English at ہانگ کانگ. When he was rebuffed there, Mayréna went to Belgium. In 1889, a Belgian financier named Somsy offered arms and money to Mayréna in exchange for mineral rights. Unfortunately, the French Navy blockaded Vietnamese ports to prevent his return, and his arms were seized as contraband at سنگاپور.
South Moluccas  

Republic of South Moluccas

1950 اب حصہ انڈونیشیا the Moluccas formed part of the United States of Indonesia (27 December 1949- 17 August 1950), but declared independence in April 1950 in reaction of centralizing tendencies from Jakarta. It was quickly conquered by Indonesian troops, but maintains a government in exile in the Netherlands.
Suvadive Islands سانچہ:Country data United Suvadive Republic Suvadive Islands 1959–1963 اب حصہ مالدیپ Attempted break-away state it was supported by Britain briefly before being abandoned.
Syria   مملکت شام 1920 Now independent Lasted 4 months at the end of World War I until dissolved by the French who took control.
Tagalog Republic (Bonifacio)   Sovereign Tagalog Nation 1896–1897 اب حصہ فلپائن. Succeeded by the First Philippine Republic.
Tagalog Republic (Sacay)   Tagalog Republic 1902–1906 اب حصہ فلپائن. Revolutionary body set up during the Philippine Revolution and the فلپائن پر امریکی قبضہ.
Tannu Tuva سانچہ:Country data Tannu Tuva 1921–1944 اب حصہ Russia Attempt by Tuvans to gain independence following years of domination by China and Imperial Russia it was put under Soviet control and later formally annexed.
Tibet   Tibet 1912–1951 اب حصہ People's Republic of China, Invasion of Tibet In 1913, تیرہواں دلائی لاما of Tibet proclaimed independence from چنگ خاندان,[44] which was only recognized by منگولیا[45][46] (however, there have been doubts over the authority of the Tibetan representative to sign the treaty, and thus its validity).[47] One year later the Dalai Lama signed a UK-drafted treaty accepting Chinese suzerainty and adjusting the border in favor of British India.[48] The 14ویں دلائی لاما acknowledged Chinese بادشاہی in the Seventeen Point Agreement of 1951,[49] but China continues to reject the 1914 UK-drafted treaty and claims جنوبی تبت (now part of India's اروناچل پردیش).
Wang Jingwei   وانگ جینگوئی حکومت 1940–1945 حصہ China Puppet government dissolved at the end of World War II. Recognized by Imperial Japan and its allies.
Zamboanga   Republic of Zamboanga 1899–1903 اب حصہ فلپائن. República de Zamboanga was a revolutionary republic, founded shortly after the collapse of Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines.
Timor Republic of Timor 1961 اب حصہ مشرقی تیمور In early 1961 the Battle Office for the Liberation of Timor (Bureau de Luta pela Libertação de Timor) was formed under the leadership of Maoclao and backed by انڈونیشیا. A republic was proclaimed in the border town of Batugade on 9 April 1961. It was quickly put down by Portuguese troops.[50]

یورپ

ترمیم
نام مدت موجودہ نوٹس
  Couto Misto 10th century – 1868 حصہ ہسپانیہ and پرتگال De facto independent microstate on the border between Galicia (Spain) and Northern Portugal. By the 1864 Treaty of Lisbon, its territory was partitioned between Spain and Portugal.
Corsica   مملکت کورسیکا 1736 حصہ France Seceded from جمہوریہ جینوا
  جمہوریہ کورسیکائی 1755–1769 حصہ France Seceded from جمہوریہ جینوا; annexed by فرانس. Recognized only by Bey of Tunis[51]
Liege  Republic of Liège 1789–1791 حصہ بلجئیم Republic formed following the Liège Revolution
Corsica   مملکت اینگلو کورسیکائی 1794–1796 حصہ France Independent kingdom under British King جارج سوم، مملکت متحدہ, formed on the Irish model[52][53]
Gozo   The Gozitan Nation 1798–1801 حصہ Malta Provisional government set up by Francesco Saverio Cassar after French troops on the island capitulated to rebels. It became part of the British protectorate of Malta in 1801.
Connacht   کوناکٹ 1798 حصہ Ireland French client republic
Goust  Republic of Goust 1827 حصہ France[54] A French hamlet which was considered for a long time independent due to it never being formally annexed by France.
Tavolara   Kingdom of Tavolara 1836–1962? حصہ Italy[55] Recognized by the مملکت ساردینیا and the Kingdom of Italy; acknowledged by ملکہ وکٹوریہ.
Canton of Cartagena   Canton of Cartagena 1873–1874 حصہ ہسپانیہ In 1873 Cartagena was proclaimed as an independent canton, called the Canton of Cartagena. This proclamation started the Cantonal Revolution in ہسپانیہ, during the First Spanish Republic. It was the beginning of the cantonalism, a movement that tried Spain become a federal state composed by cantons. Some cities and territories joined the cantonal cause and were declared independents too, but they surrendered a few days later. The only canton with an organized government as state, control on its territory and military power was Cartagena, which declared war and faced the Spanish central government during six months, until it was invaded.
Tamrash Republic of Tamrash 1878–1886 حصہ بلغاریہ The Republic of Tamrash was a self-governing administrative structure of the Pomaks, living in the Tamrash region of the Rhodope Mountains.
Kruševo   Kruševo Republic 1903 حصہ Macedonia Republic established in Kruševo, Macedonia
Chita Republic Chita Republic, Krasnoyarsk Republic, Novorossiysk Republic, Sochi Republic, Starobuyanskaya Republic 1905–1906 حصہ روس The Chita Republic was a workers and peasants' dictatory republic in Chita during the Russian Revolution of 1905, installed by actual seizure of power in Chita RSDLP Committee and the Council of Soldiers 'and Cossacks' Deputies in November 1905 - January 1906. The Krasnoyarsk Republic - government, organized by the Joint Board of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies in کراسنویارسک during the First Russian Revolution. Lasted from 9 to 27 December 1905. The Novorossiysk Republic - the worker-peasant self-government established by the Council of Workers' Deputies in Novorossiysk December 12, 1905 lasted until 26 December of the same year. The Sochi Republic - political education social democratic sense, arising from the modern city of سوچی as a result of the revolutionary uprisings of 1905. Lasted from December 28, 1905 to January 5, 1906 (i.e., about 9 days). The Starobuyanskaya Republic - peasant self-government established during the First Russian Revolution in the village of Stary Buyan. Lasted from 12 to 26 November 1905.
Gurian Republic Gurian Republic 1905–1906 حصہ Georgia The Gurian Republic or the Gurian peasant republic was an insurrection that took place in the western Georgian province گوریا (جارجیا) (then part of the سلطنت روس) prior to and during the Russian Revolution of 1905. Republic existed from the November 1905 to January 10, 1906.
Liubotyn Liubotyn Republic and Shuliavka Republic 1905 حصہ یوکرین The Lyubotinskaya Republic - proclaimed in December 1905, independent workers' state in the armed insurrection of the workers and railwaymen in Lyubotin during the Russian Revolution of 1905. Republic existed from the December 26 to 30, 1905. The Shuliavka Republic was an early 20th-century worker-based quasi-government organization in the city of کیف, Ukraine, whose main task was self-defence. The uprising lasted a total of four days, from December 12–16 (o.s., in the Gregorian Calendar, 26 - 29), 1905.
Markovo Markovo Republic 1905–1906 حصہ روس Markovo Republic was a self-proclaimed peasant state, located in Russia, in the Volokolamsk area. It was proclaimed on October 18, 1905, when during the Russian Revolution of 1905 peasants took control of the local government in the village Markovo and 5 other villages. It had existed until July 18, 1906.
Republika Ostrowiecka Republika Ostrowiecka 1905–1906 حصہ پولینڈ The Ostrovetskaya Republic (Republika Ostrowiecka) - government set December 27, 1905 during the First Russian Revolution in cities Ostrowiec, Iłżę, Ćmielów and locality. Republic fell in the middle of January 1906.
Republika Zagłębiowska Republika Zagłębiowska and Republika Sławkowska 1905 حصہ پولینڈ Polish towns Zagłębie Dąbrowskie and Sławków taken over by revolutionary during the Russian Revolution of 1905. Both republics existed in November - December 1905, each about 10–12 days.
Republic of Central Albania   Republic of Central Albania 1913–1914 حصہ البانیا The Republic of Central Albania was a republic declared following the pullout of Ottoman forces from the former Albanian Vilayet. Declared by Essad Pasha Toptani, the republic's existence came to an end when the troops of Wilhelm of Wied took control of the country.
Ukraine 1   Ukrainian People's Republic 1917–1920 حصہ یوکرین An independent republic and direct predecessor of modern یوکرین established right after the بالشویک پارٹی coup-d'etat against the روسی جمہوریہ government. During 1918 due to own coup-d'etat had its government swapped between socialists and conservatives while officially referred to as the Ukrainian State. In 1919 by the Unification Act, Ukraine united with the West Ukrainian People's Republic. At that time Ukraine was recognized by numerous countries in Europe.
Idel-Ural   ریاست ایدل اورال 1917–1918 حصہ تاتارستان and باشکورتوستان (Russia) Suppressed by the سرخ فوج.
State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs   State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs 1918 حصہ سلووینیا, کرویئشا, Bosnia-Hercegovina, سربیا (وئوودینا) and مونٹینیگرو (Boka Kotorska) Temporary state of the آسٹریا-مجارستان جنوبی سلاو, declared on October 29, 1918, and merged with the مملکت سربیا on December 1, 1918, into the مملکت یوگوسلاویہ (یوگوسلاویہ)
Tarnobrzeg Republic of Tarnobrzeg 1918–1919 حصہ پولینڈ The Republic of Tarnobrzeg was proclaimed November 6, 1918 in the Polish town of Tarnobrzeg. Disestablished Spring 1919.
Kuban سانچہ:Country data Kuban Kuban People's Republic 1918–1920 حصہ Russia A territory in Russia, it was declared by Kuban Cossacks in 1918. It supported the سفید تحریک and was overrun by the بالشویک پارٹی in 1920.
Ukraine, West   West Ukrainian People's Republic 1918–1919 حصہ یوکرین Established in eastern Galicia it controlled cities once part of the پولینڈ-لتھوانیا دولت مشترکہ and with large numbers of ethnic Poles leading to a losing war with Poland after which it was partitioned by Poland, the Kingdom of Romania, Czechoslovakia, and the Ukrainian People's Republic.
Ukraine 3   Komancza Republic 1918–1919 حصہ Ukraine An association of 30 pro-Ukrainian villages, it planned to merge with the West Ukrainian People's Republic but was suppressed by Poland during the Polish-Ukrainian War
Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic 1918 حصہ فن لینڈ Lasted only three months during the فنلینڈی خانہ جنگی, but was recognized by روسی سوویت وفاقی اشتراکی جمہوریہ.
Republic of Vorarlberg   Republic of Vorarlberg 1918 حصہ آسٹریا Amidst the chaos in collapse of the Austro-Ungarian empire the Vorarlbergers proclaimed themselves a separate non-Austrian, Germanic people and declared on 3 November 1918 the independence as Republic of Vorarlberg. The secession was blocked by the alies and the new Austrian republican government. In April 1919, over 80% of the Vorarlbergers voted to secede from آسٹریا and attach themselves to سویٹزرلینڈ, but they were again blocked.[56]
Alsace   Alsace Soviet Republic (Republic of Alsace-Lorraine) 1918 حصہ فرانس The Soviet Republic, existed in الزاس from 10 to 22 November 1918.
Banat Banat Republic 1918 حصہ رومانیہ, سربیا, and مجارستان Established in the Banat region of modern Serbia by members of ethnic groups in the region, it was only recognized by Hungary. It was invaded by Serbia and in 1919 partitioned between Hungary, Romania, and the newly created Yugoslavia.
Republic of Venezia-Giulia Republic of Venezia-Giulia 1918 حصہ اطالیہ and سلووینیا Centered on the port of ریئکا, now called ریئکا by the Croatian inhabitants, Venezia-Giulia was an important staging area for the Austro-Hungarian Empire's Adriatic trade. After the war, both یوگوسلاویہ and اطالیہ claimed the area. The inhabitants refused to join either nation, preferring to remain independent and retain the cosmopolitan, multi-ethnic nature of the area. After Fiume's seizure by Italian nationalists in 1919, the Republic was partitioned.[57]
Don Republic   جمہوریہ ڈان 1918–1920 حصہ روس (روستوف اوبلاست) Republic that was recognized by the Ukrainian State. In 1919 it was part of the Armed Forces of South Russia and eventually overran by بالشویک پارٹی with its annexation to the روسی سوویت وفاقی اشتراکی جمہوریہ.
Belarus   Belarusian People's Republic 1918 Independent بیلاروس Attempt by Belorussian قوم پرستی but reincorporated into the سوویت اتحاد. Still exists today as a government-in-exile.
German Austria   Republic of German-Austria 1918–1919 Austria and part of the چیک جمہوریہ Brief state declared following the collapse of آسٹریا-مجارستان. The پہلی جنگ عظیم کے اتحادی opposed it and it was succeeded by the First Austrian Republic.
Perloja جمہوریہ of Perloja 1918–1923 حصہ لتھووینیا In the chaos after World War I, responding to such situation the locals established a self-governing parish committee, often called the Republic of Perloja. The Republic of Perloja had its own court, police, prison, currency (Perloja litas), and an army of 300 men.
North Ingria   The Republic of North Ingria 1919-1920 حصہ روس The Republic of North Ingria was a state of Ingrian Finns in the southern part of the Karelian Isthmus, which seceded from روسی سوویت وفاقی اشتراکی جمہوریہ after the انقلاب اکتوبر. Its aim was to be incorporated into فن لینڈ. It ruled parts of Ingria from 1919 until 1920. With the Peace Treaty of Tartu it was re-integrated into Russia. Established -January 23, 1919. Disestablished - December 5, 1920.
Ukraine 4   Hutsul Republic 1919 حصہ Ukraine A state formed from territory in the former Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen, it was invaded by the Hungarian Soviet Republic in June 1919 and then became part of the First Czechoslovak Republic. It originally intended to join the Western Ukrainian National Republic[58]
Bavarian Soviet Republic, Bremen Soviet Republic   Bavarian Soviet Republic and Bremen Soviet Republic 1919 حصہ جرمنی The Bavarian Soviet Republic, also known as the Munich Soviet Republic was, as part of the German Revolution of 1918–1919, the attempt to establish a socialist state in the form of a democratic workers' council republic in the بواریا. Another Republic that existed was the Bremen Soviet Republic.
Slovakia 1   Slovak Soviet Republic 1919 حصہ سلوواکیہ A pro-Hungarian puppet state set up by Red Guards from the Hungarian Soviet Republic in Upper Hungary. After a brief war it was returned to Czechoslovakia as promised by early peace agreements.
Prekmurje   Republic of Prekmurje 1919 حصہ سلووینیا[59] Existed for 6 days.
Limerick Soviet Limerick Soviet 1919 حصہ Ireland The Limerick Soviet (republic) was a self-declared Soviet Republic that existed from 15 to 27 April 1919.
Monarchy of the North   Monarchy of the North 1919 حصہ Portugal A stated that established by monarchists trying to restore the monarchy. It was crushed by the Portuguese Army.
Ireland   آئرش جمہوریہ 1919–1922 The جمہوریہ آئرلینڈ and part of the برطانیہ An unrecognized Irish nationalist state during the آئرش جنگ آزادی it ceased to exist following the Anglo-Irish Treaty which gave Southern Ireland independence as the آئرش آزاد ریاست while keeping شمالی آئر لینڈ under British Control. These terms caused much of the victorious Irish Republican Army to reject the treaty, leading to the آئرش خانہ جنگی (1922–1923) between Pro-Treaty Free State forces and Anti-Treaty IRA, who viewed the dissolution of the Republic as illegal.
Ukrainian SSR   یوکرینی سوویت اشتراکی جمہوریہ 1919 اب حصہ یوکرین The Soviet Republic Ukrainian SSR existed from 1919 to 1991. It was not until the Peace of Riga in 1920 when it was officially recognized. It was created as an opposition to the Ukrainian government. With the سوویت اتحاد کی تحلیل transitioned to یوکرین.
Galician SSR   Galician Soviet Socialist Republic 1920 اب حصہ یوکرین The Soviet Republic Galician SSR existed from July 8, 1920 to September 21, 1920, during the Polish-Soviet War within the area of the South-Western front of the Red Army.
Latjtabansag   Lajtabánság 1921 حصہ Austria and Hungary State declared in the بورگنلینڈ state of Austria by ethnic Hungarians following the Treaty of Trianon, where Hungary was forced to surrender the territory. It was ceased to exist after a month when Austria annexed it.
Labin  Labin Republic 1921 حصہ کرویئشا Republic established in لابین, Croatia
Baranya-Baja   Serbian-Hungarian Baranya-Baja Republic 1921 حصہ Hungary and کرویئشا A Soviet-minded[مبہم] state set up by Hungarian communists fleeing the white terror following the collapse of the Hungarian Soviet Republic. It was supported by Yugoslavia but was quickly re-conquered by Hungary.
Mirdita   Republic of Mirdita 1921 حصہ البانیا Set up by Albanian Catholics trying to break away from Albania which is a mainly Muslim country. It was backed by Yugoslavia but only lasted three months.
Munster   Munster Republic 1922 حصہ the جمہوریہ آئرلینڈ Though never independent it was the informal name given to مونسٹر which was the base of Irish republicans aiming to create a United Ireland during the آئرش خانہ جنگی.
Galicia   Republic of Galicia 1931 حصہ ہسپانیہ The Galician Republic was an ephemeral passage in the History of Galicia. It only lasted for a few hours on 27 June 1931, a day ahead of the election to the ہسپانوی جمہوریہ دوم's Constitutional Assembly.
Asturias and Leon   Sovereign Council of Asturias and León 1936–1937 حصہ ہسپانیہ As unrecognized state declared during the ہسپانوی خانہ جنگی.
Carpatho-Ukraine   Carpatho-Ukraine 1939 حصہ یوکرین Carpatho-Ukraine was an autonomous region within چیکوسلوواکیہ from late 1938 to March 15, 1939. It declared itself an independent republic on March 15, 1939, but was returned to مجارستان between March 15 and March 16, 1939, remaining under Hungarian control until the Nazi occupation of Hungary in 1944. On June 29, 1945, a treaty was signed under pressure of USSR between Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union, ceding Carpatho-Ruthenia officially to the Soviet Union. In 1946 the area was forced to became part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, as the زاکارپتیا اوبلاست (Transcarpathian Region).
Slovakia 2   جمہوریہ سلاواک (1939-1945) 1939–1945 حصہ سلوواکیہ Between 1939 and 1945, First Slovak Republic was a puppet state of نازی جرمنی.
Estonia   استونیائی سوویت اشتراکی جمہوریہ 1940–1991 حصہ استونیا A puppet state[60] which was created in 1940 and forcibly incorporated into سوویت اتحاد. It was not recognized by the majority of Western countries.
Latvia   لیٹویائی سوویت اشتراکی جمہوریہ 1940–1991 حصہ لٹویا A puppet state[60] which was created in 1940 and forcibly incorporated into سوویت اتحاد. It was not recognized by the majority of Western countries.
Lithuania   لیتھوینیائی سوویت اشتراکی جمہوریہ 1940–1991 حصہ لتھووینیا A puppet state[60] which was created in 1940 and forcibly incorporated into سوویت اتحاد. It was not recognized by the majority of Western countries.
Croatia سانچہ:Country data Independent State of Croatia 1941–1945 Now two independent states, کرویئشا and بوسنیا و ہرزیگووینا Affiliated with the نازی جرمنی.
Uzice   Republic of Užice 1941 حصہ سربیا Area briefly liberated by Yugoslav partisans after the Invasion of Yugoslavia; it was retaken by the German Army during the First anti-Partisan offensive.
Pindus-Macedonia Principality of Pindus 1941–1944 حصہ Greece Proclaimed during the Italian occupation of Northern Greece it was a proposed کٹھ پتلی ریاست but it never came to exist.
Bihać>   Bihac Republic 1942–1943 حصہ Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia Area liberated by Yugoslav partisans before being recaptured by the German Army.
Corsica   اطالوی معاشرتی جمہوریہ 1943–1945 حصہ Italy German-dominated کٹھ پتلی ریاست under Benito Mussolini, formed in the North of Italy after the Italian King Victor Emmanuel III signed an armistice with the Allies.
Free Republic of Vercors 1944 حصہ فرانس On 3 July 1944 the Free Republic of Vercors was proclaimed, the first democratic territory in France since the beginning of the German occupation in 1940. The republic ceased to exist before the end of the month.
East Germany   مشرقی جرمنی 1949–1990 حصہ the جرمنی Commonly known as East Germany, the state was not recognized for a time by West Germany and several other countries.
Gagauzia   گاگاؤزیا 1990–1994 حصہ مالدووا Region in Moldova that declared its independence on 19 August 1991 following the Soviet coup attempt of 1991 which was supported by many in the area. This came as a result of the possibility of a union between Moldova and Romania which was opposed in Gagauzia which abandoned independence after gaining autonomy from the Moldovan government.
Chechnya   چیچن جمہوریہ اشکیریہ 1991–2000 حصہ روس Reintegrated into the روس as the چیچنیا
Serbian Krajina سانچہ:Country data Serbian Krajina جمہوریہ سربی کرائنا 1991–1995 حصہ کرویئشا Suppressed by کرویئشا.
Dubrovnik Republic   Dubrovnik Republic (1991) 1991–1992 حصہ کرویئشا Suppressed by کرویئشا.
Republika Srpska   سرپسکا 1992–1995 One of the two entities of بوسنیا و ہرزیگووینا Transformed into an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina, covering 50% of the land with 90%+ ethnic Serbs.
Crimea   جمہوریہ کریمیا 1992, 1994–1995, 2014 حصہ یوکرین de jure, de facto part of Russia Declared in 1992 and again in 1994, spanning the Crimean peninsula. Was ended through negotiations with Ukraine both times[61][62] until seceding in 2014 and almost immediately joining روس.
Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia   کروشیائی جمہوریہ ہرزیگ-بوسنیا 1992–1994 حصہ بوسنیا و ہرزیگووینا Attempt by Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina to form their own country. The use of ethnic cleansing led to it being unrecognized and eventually it collapsed.[حوالہ درکار]
Western Bosnia   خود مختار صوبہ مغربی بوسنیا 1993–1995 حصہ بوسنیا و ہرزیگووینا Existed during the بوسنیائی جنگ. It worked with Serbia and Croatia to divide the territories between the two nations. Its leader was later convicted of war crimes.

اوقیانوسیہ

ترمیم
نام مدت موجودہ نوٹس
Empire of Australia 1804 حصہ آسٹریلیا The Empire of Australia collapsed after the defeat at the Battle of Vinegar Hill.[63]
Bougainville   Bougainville Interim Government 1990–1998 حصہ پاپوا نیو گنی Signed a peace deal with پاپوا نیو گنی giving the island autonomy pending an independence referendum within a decade
Franceville   Independent Commune of Franceville 1889–1890 حصہ وانواتو Its independence guaranteed by France, this community of Melanesian natives and European settlers experimented with universal suffrage until France and Britain intervened in the New Hebrides[64]
MinervaRepublic of Minerva 1972 حصہ ٹونگا, but claim disputed by فجی and a Minerva "principality" group Several previously unclaimed reefs that were occupied and raised in a minor way by a group of libertarian establishmentarians until Tonga laid claim to the territory
New Zealand  United Tribes of New Zealand 1835–1840 نیوزی لینڈ Independence declared by British Resident James Busby and northern Māori tribal leaders as an attempt to safeguard British claims against French territorial expansion. Led to a formal treaty (the Treaty of Waitangi) between Māori leaders and the British crown in 1840.
North Solomons   Republic of North Solomons 1975–1976 حصہ پاپوا نیو گنی Seceded twice and returned after peace negotiations both times.
Rotuma Republic of Rotuma 1987–1988 Dependency of فجی Following the second coup, when Fiji left the دولت مشترکہ ممالک, a segment of the Rotuman population, known as the "Mölmahao Clan" of Noa’tau rejected the council's decision to remain with the newly declared republic. Arguing that روتوما had been ceded to جزیرہ برطانیہ عظمی and not to Fiji, these rebels declared in 1987 independence of Republic of Rotuma and were charged with sedition. It did not have any substantive support, majority opinion appears to favor remaining with Fiji, but rumblings of discontent remain.
Tafea   Tafea Nation 1980 حصہ وانواتو Opposed to the Anglo-French condominium that ruled it but which ended the secessionist state.
Tanna فائل:Flag of Tanna.svg Tanna Nation 1974 حصہ وانواتو Declared independence but was suppressed by the Anglo-French condominium.
Vemerana   Republic of Vemerana 1980 حصہ وانواتو Central power of Vanuatu restored with assistance of army from پاپوا نیو گنی

مزید دیکھیے

ترمیم

حوالہ جات

ترمیم
  1. ↑ A fort was established by a group of Voortrekkers under the leadership of Andries Hendrik Potgieter with the help of a Dutch merchant Gregorius Ohrig. The settlers arrived in 1845 and were decimated by malaria. Forced to abandon the area, the republic was officially abandoned in 1849.
  2. ↑ Joined with the Comoros then seceded twice to gain independence. Anjouan rejoined the Comoros after talks during the first secession. After the second event, the secessionist government was forcefully removed.
  3. ↑ Controlled territory in Northern Mali, it wasn't recognized by any state
  4. ↑ Controlled territory in eastern Nigeria, recognized by five states (Gabon, Haiti, Ivory Coast, Tanzania, Zambia)
  5. ↑ Former Apartheid Bantustan homelands, formed and recognized only by each other and South Africa. Israel extended marginal recognition to Bophuthatswana and Ciskei by allowing both polities to build trade missions in Tel Aviv. In 1993 Bophuthatswana opened an information center in Latvia, so that the Latvian song festival was also attended by a chorus of this country (Bop Arts Council Chorus).
  6. ↑ Cabinda was a Portuguese protectorate known as the Portuguese Congo . During the Portuguese Colonial War period, the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (FLEC) fought for the independence of Cabinda from the Portuguese. The independence was proclaimed on 1 August 1975. After the Angolan independence came in effect in November 1975, Cabinda was invaded by forces of the MPLA (MPLA) with support of troops from Cuba.
  7. ↑ A Boer Republic which merged with the Republic of Stellaland to form the United States of Stellaland in 1883.
  8. ↑ Founded by Adam Kok III as a final resting place for Griqua people. The State suffered from a secret deal signed between the British Empire and Orange Free State causing unceasing instability. Allothgh the reasons for its annexation are still debated, it was eventually integrated with the Cape Colony in 1880
  9. ↑ Enjoying de facto independence since the founding of Griquatown in 1813, Griqualand West eventually proclaimed itself a British colony in 1873. It did not gain recognition by Britain nor the neighboring Cape Colony and was annexed in 1880.
  10. ↑ Formed in rebellion to Dutch East India Company it took 2 years to be incorporated into the Cape colony although this time under British rule.
  11. ↑ Briefly declared independence in 1998 it rejoined the Transitional Federal Government in 2001.
  12. ↑ Controlled the state of the same name within the former Belgian Congo after decolonisation
  13. ↑ A Boer republic which declared its independence from lands formerly controlled by the Swazi king Mswati II. It was eventually incorporated into the South African Republic in 1891 on its own request.
  14. ↑ A Republic proclaimed during a dispute over diamond mines near what would become Griqualand West
  15. ↑ A Boer republic which created following the dissolution of the Andries-Ohringstad Republic. Eventually this nation expanded with the inclusion of the Utrecht Republic in 1858. The republic lasted until 1860 when it was incorporated into the South African Republic
  16. ↑ حکومت الہیہ established during the Mahdist War by rebels. The rebellion failed the state was dissolved.
  17. ↑ A state declared by Hutu separatists inside the mountainous Vuzigo commune, between the Makamba and Lake Nyanza which lasted for little over a week.
  18. ↑ Seceded in 1997 but quietly rejoined the next year.
  19. ↑ Mr. Latham Leslie-Moore, a retired civil servant, declared the secession of the "Sultanate of M'Simbati" from the then colony of Tanganyika. The "secession" was suppressed in 1962 by Tanzanian government troops.
  20. ↑ Established in 1839 by local Afrikaans-speaking Voortrekkers after the Battle of Blood River. This Boer Republic lasted for four years before being annexed by British troops under George Napier.
  21. ↑ Created on August 16 of 1884 with land donated by the Zulus through a treaty. The territory was part the old Boer Republic of Natalia. The republic enjoyed independence until it was annexed by the South African Republic by its own request.
  22. ↑ A republic that existed only for a couple months before joining with Winburg Republic. It was effectively a city-state.
  23. ↑ British Colony that unilaterally declared independence
  24. ↑ Founded in September 1921, when the people of the Rif (the Riffians) revolted and declared their independence from Spanish Morocco. It was dissolved by Spanish and French forces on 27 May 1926.
  25. ↑ Was based in the Rwenzori Mountains between Uganda and Congo.
  26. ↑ A state declared after the end of British rule came to an end. It only lasted five days before joining Somalia.
  27. ↑ Somalia - British Somaliland and Somaliland
  28. ↑ South Kasai seceded from the newly independent Republic of the Congo after decolonization in similar circumstances to the State of Katanga during the Congo Crisis. Kasai, however, did not declare full independence but autonomous self-government, despite producing its own constitution, still claimed to be part of a hypothetical "Federal Republic of the Congo". It was re-integrated into the Congo by force in 1962.
  29. ↑ A Boer republic which existed briefly before its union with its neighboring Boer republic the State of Goshen
  30. ↑ A Boer republic which created from the union of neighboring Republic of Stellaland and State of Goshen. The republic lasted until it became a protectorate of the South African Republic on 10 September 1884 only to be annexed 6 days later.
  31. ↑ A republic declared in revolt against the Dutch East India Company it lasted 3 months before being re-incorporated into the Cape Colony.
  32. ↑ A republic proclaimed following the Paris Peace Conference, 1919 it disintegrated sometime in 1923.
  33. ↑ A republic proclaimed by Andreas Theodorus Spies following a land purchase from the King of the Zulu, Mpande. It joined with the Lydenburg Republic in 1858.
  34. ↑ Established on land the Vet and Vaal Rivers donated to the Voortrekkers by Bataung Chief Makwana in 1836 in exchange for protection from neighboring Basotho tribes. Joined in union with the newly established Potchefstroom in 1838 to form the Potchefstroom.
  35. ↑ Formed from the union of the Potchefstroom and the Winburg Republic in 1938 the nation lasted until Potchefstroom left the union to join with Pietermaritzburg.
  36. ↑ Following the 17 January 1964 coup which deposed the Sultan of Zanzibar, the revolutionary group purporting to represent the island’s Negro majority proclaimed a Peoples’ Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba, its immediately made an offer of union with the government of Tanganyika.
  37. ↑ A version of Rhodesia (see above) that ended the white minority government and introduced a biracial government.
  38. ↑ A small Boer Republic that joined with the South African Republic in 1864. The white settlers in Zoutpansberg had for many years a reputation for lawlessness, and were later regarded as typical "back velt Boers". Zoutpansberg contained a larger native population than any other region of the Transvaal
  39. ↑ [1]
  40. ↑ "آرکائیو کاپی"۔ 2012-03-09 کو اصل سے آرکائیو کیا گیا۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 2015-05-20
  41. ↑ Dr. Andrew Andersen, Ph.D. Atlas of Conflicts: Armenia: Nation Building and Territorial Disputes: 1918–1920
  42. ↑ Mongolia in the Twentieth Century: Landlocked Cosmopolitan - Google Libros
  43. ↑ "Republic of Mountainous Armenia (26 April 1921, capital: Goris, including: Syunik, Vayots Dzor and parts of modern-day NKR)"۔ 2014-10-21 کو اصل سے آرکائیو کیا گیا۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 2015-05-20
  44. ↑ Proclamation Issued by His Holiness the Dalai Lama XIII (1913)
  45. ↑ Udo B. Barkmann, Geschichte der Mongolei, Bonn 1999, p380ff
  46. ↑ Phurbu Thinley (12 نومبر 2008)۔ "Tibet - Mongolia Treaty of 1913, a proof of Tibet's independence: Interview with Prof. Elliot Sperling"۔ Phayul.com۔ 2018-12-25 کو اصل سے آرکائیو کیا گیا۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 2008-11-13
  47. ↑ Smith, Warren, "Tibetan Nation", p. 186: "The validity is often questioned, mainly on grounds of the authority of Dorjiev to negotiate on behalf of Tibet...the fact that Dorjiev was a Russian citizen while ethnically Tibetan somewhat compromises his role; the treaty had some advantages to Russia in that it could be interpreted as extending Russia's protectorate over Mongolia to encompass Tibet.
  48. ↑ Convention Between Great Britain, China, and Tibet, Simla (1914)
  49. ↑ Goldstein, Melvyn C., A History of Modern Tibet, 1913–1951, University of California Press, 1989, pp812-813, saying: "After a lengthy discussion...the assembly recommended to the Dalai Lama that the agreement be approved. On 24 October, the Dalai Lama sent an official confirmation to Mao Tse-tung."
  50. ↑ "'Republic of Timor', 1961 | Flag | Timor-Leste | OzOutback"۔ 2015-04-18 کو اصل سے آرکائیو کیا گیا۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 2015-05-20
  51. ↑ Peter Adam Thrasher (1970)۔ Pasquale Paoli: An Enlightened Hero 1725–1807۔ Hamden, CT: Archon Books۔ ص 117۔ ISBN:0-208-01031-9
  52. ↑ Peter Adam Thrasher (1970)۔ Pasquale Paoli: An Enlightened Hero 1725–1807۔ Hamden, Connecticut: Archon Books۔ ص 282۔ ISBN:0-208-01031-9
  53. ↑ Desmond Gregory (1985)۔ The ungovernable rock: a history of the Anglo-Corsican Kingdom and its role in Britain's Mediterranean strategy during the Revolutionary War, 1793–1797۔ London: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press۔ ص 81–82۔ ISBN:0838632254
  54. ↑ Goust photo – jmollivier photos at pbase.com
  55. ↑ Geremia, Ernesto Carlo, and Gino Ragnetti (2005), Tavolara - l'Isola dei Re, ISBN 88-425-3441-2
  56. ↑ [2]
  57. ↑ "آرکائیو کاپی"۔ 2012-03-09 کو اصل سے آرکائیو کیا گیا۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 2015-05-20
  58. ↑ Paul Robert Magocsi؛ Ivan I. Pop (June 2002)۔ "Hutsul+Republic"&source=bl&ots=eS69C3_Goj&sig=vc8NEAlGlW7ti5uoBHvkfDUmZQw&hl=en&ei=3nVBSvWUHYuolAfi08D5CA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5 Encyclopedia of Rusyn History and Culture (book)۔ Toronto: University of Toronto Press۔ ص 237–238۔ ISBN:978-0-8020-3566-0۔ 2018-12-25 کو اصل سے آرکائیو کیا گیا۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 3009-06-23 {{حوالہ کتاب}}: تحقق من التاريخ في: |accessdate= (معاونت)
  59. ↑ "Mocsy"۔ 2007-07-01 کو اصل سے آرکائیو کیا گیا۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 2015-05-20
  60. ^ ا ب پ Krystyna Marek (1954)۔ Identity and Continuity of States in Public International Law۔ Librairie Droz۔ ص 475۔ ISBN:9782600040440
  61. ↑ Autonomous Republic of Crimea
  62. ↑ Encyclopedia of the United Nations ... - Google Books
  63. ↑ Amy Middleton۔ "The Birth of the Australian Empire?"۔ Australian Geographic۔ 2018-12-25 کو اصل سے آرکائیو کیا گیا۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 2015-05-20
  64. ↑ "Wee, Small Republics: A Few Examples of Popular Government", Hawaiian Gazette, Nov 1, 1895, p 1
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